Research Article
Dietary Methanolic Extract of Fenugreek Enhanced the Growth,
Haematobiochemical,ImmuneResponses,andResistanceagainst
Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus
AmanyM.Diab,
1
BasantT.Al-Khefa,
2
MalikM.Khalafallah,
2
AbdallahS.Salah,
2,3
FoadA.Farrag,
4
andMahmoudA.O.Dawood
5,6
1
Aquatic Microbiology, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El•Sheikh, Egypt
2
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
3
Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
4
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
5
Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El•Sheikh 33516, Egypt
6
Te Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability, Te American University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
Correspondence should be ddressed to Mhmoud A. O. Dwood; mhmoud•dwood@ucegypt.edu
Received 19 September 2022; Revised 1 November 2022; Accepted 11 January 2023; Published 4 February 2023
Acdemic Editor: Hmed Ghfrifrsni
Copyright © 2023 Amny M. Dib et l. Tis is n open ccess rticle distributed under the Cretive Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, nd reproduction in ny medium, provided the originl work is properly
cited.
Fenugreek seed (FS) contins bundnt functionl biomolecules tht ctivte the ntioxidtive nd immunity system of qutic
nimls. In this study, the methnolic extrct of FS ws included in Nile tilpi diets t 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, nd 0.2% levels nd fed to
fsh for 90dys. Nile tilpi (10.57 ± 0.14g) were rndomly divided into fve triplicte groups to check the growth performnce,
hemtobiochemicl profle, immunity, ntioxidtive response, nd tolernce to Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Te results
reveled tht the methnolic extrct of FS signifcntly improved the growth performnce while reducing the feed conversion rtio
(FCR). Methnolic extrct of FS lso modulted the hemtobiochemicl profle. Mrkedly, the lysozyme nd phgocytic ctivities
were ctivted by the dietry methnolic extrct of FS. Te superoxide dismutse (SOD) ctivity ws improved, while the
mlondildehyde (MDA) level ws decresed by the dietry methnolic extrct of FS. Te SOD ws mrkedly incresed in the fsh•
feddietrymethnolicextrctofFSt0.1,0.15,nd0.2%,whiletheMDAdecresedinthe fsh fed 0.15 nd 0.2%. Te trnscription
of IL•1β, TNF•α, nd TGF•β genes showed upregulted expression by ethnolic extrct of FS. Accordingly, Nile tilpi showed
high resistnce ginst the A. hydrophila infection. Te regression nlysis reveled tht the inclusion of 0.09% is recommended to
improve the specifc growth rte nd FCR. In conclusion, the study reveled tht n ethnolic extrct of FS is recommended to
enhnce the growth performnce, immunity, ntioxidtive response, nd tolernce to A. hydrophila in Nile tilpi.
1.Introduction
Nile tilpi (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the most im•
portnt economic fnfsh species worldwide, nd its pro•
duction is incresing stedily [1, 2]. However, signifcnt
economic losses hve been observed in the tilpi qu•
culture sector in recent yers due to the spred of infectious
diseses [3]. As result of the spred of diseses in tilpi
frms, group of chemicl tretments were used on lrge
scle to prevent pthogens, such s ntibiotics [4, 5]. Te
continued use of these chemicls led to the emergence of
wht is known s dvnced ntibiotic resistnce nd the
ccumultion of remnnts of these chemotherpies in the
fsh body [6]. Hence, it is necessry to resort to n lterntive
tretment, such s using nturl functionl substnces to
limit the spred of infectious diseses nd control the
pthogen [7].
Medicinl herbs nd their extrcts re used s n l•
terntive to ntibiotic therpy s n environmentlly
friendly component tht contributes to incresing
Hindawi
Aquaculture Research
Volume 2023, Article ID 3055476, 13 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3055476