Open Journal of Ecology, 2023, 13, 257-270
https://www.scirp.org/journal/oje
ISSN Online: 2162-1993
ISSN Print: 2162-1985
DOI: 10.4236/oje.2023.135017 May 16, 2023 257 Open Journal of Ecology
Phytotoxicity Assessment of Biofertilizer
Produced from Bioreactor Composting
Technology Using Lettuce
(Lactuca sativa L.) Seeds
Eva R. Orlina, Neil Angelo D. Besana, Gene T. Señeris
*
, Kathleen C. Capiña
Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Aklan State University, Banga,
Philippines
Abstract
Establishing reliable technological information on the safety of biofertilizers
produced from a bioreactor composting technique is a must prior to its
commercialization. A phytotoxicity study of biofertilizer made from the
bioreactor composting technology at Aklan State University, Banga, Aklan,
Philippines was conducted for fourteen (14) days using commercially availa-
ble lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa L.). Standard phytotoxicity attributes such as
hypocotyl length, radicle length, relative germination percentage, and relative
radicle growth observed during the germination stage were evaluated. Results
revealed no significant difference in the radicle lengths of the germinated let-
tuce seeds as affected by the varying levels of biofertilizer dilution at H(3) =
10.567, p = 0.061 > 0.05. On the other hand, the hypocotyl length of the let-
tuce showed significant differences in response to varying levels of bioferti-
lizer dilution with Welch’s F(5, 5.163) = 8.175, p = 0.017 < 0.05. Also, the dif-
ferent levels of biofertilizer affected significantly the germination percentage
of lettuce seeds F(5, 12) = 5.822, p = 0.006 < 0.05. All levels of biofertilizer
treatments indicated a decrease in relative germination percentage. However,
those seeds applied with 10% biofertilizer have the highest reduction of ger-
mination percentage, equivalent to 86.9% (RGP = 13.10%). All levels of bio-
fertilizer showed an increase in radicle growth in contrast to the negative
control plant except for the one given a 10% level of biofertilizer. Seeds that
received 10% biofertilizer showed an extremely high reduction in radicle
growth, equivalent to 72.22% (RRG = 27.78%). The study shows that applying
low levels of the bioreactor-produced biofertilizer will observably reduce the
measure of the germination characteristics of lettuce seeds, but not necessari-
How to cite this paper: Orlina, E.R., Besa-
na, N.A.D., Señeris, G.T. and Capiña, K.C.
(2023) Phytotoxicity Assessment of Bioferti-
lizer Produced from Bioreactor Composting
Technology Using Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
Seeds. Open Journal of Ecology, 13, 257-270.
https://doi.org/10.4236/oje.2023.135017
Received: April 8, 2023
Accepted: May 13, 2023
Published: May 16, 2023
Copyright © 2023 by author(s) and
Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution International
License (CC BY 4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Open Access