A RTICLES An Official Periodical of The International Academy of Cytology and the Italian Group of Uropathology A QC H ANALYTICAL AND QUANTITATIVE CYTOPATHOLOGY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY ® 121 OBJECTIVE: To study the value of urinary survivin as a diagnostic marker for diagnosis of bladder cancer as compared to urine cytology. STUDY DESIGN: This study was carried out on 40 patients presenting with bladder cancer and 20 patients presenting with benign urological disorders. RESULTS: For bladder cancer diagnosis, urine cytology has lower sensitivity, accuracy, and negative predictive values as compared to survivin, while it has higher spec- ificity and positive predictive value than survivin. On the other hand, the sensitivity, specificity, and the ac- curacy of combined survivin and urine cytology were 100%, 95% and 97%, respectively. Positive urine cy- tology and survivin were significantly higher in cases showing advanced stage and high grade as compared to cases presented with superficial stage and low grade. CONCLUSION: Urinary survivin appears to be a reli- able, noninvasive diagnostic test to identify patients with bladder cancer. The sensitivity of survivin test was supe- rior to that of urine cytology in the diagnosis of bladder cancer, especially in cases presenting with superficial stage or low grade. Combined evaluation of both survivin and urine cytology gave better sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for bladder cancer diagnosis. (Anal Quant Cytopathol Histopathol 2014;36:121–127) Keywords: bladder cancer, survivin, tumor mark- er, urine cytology. Bladder cancer is the seventh most prevalent cancer worldwide. It is the fourth most common cancer in men and the ninth most common cancer in women, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. 1 It constitutes 30.3% of all cancers in Egypt. 2 Although squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent histological type of bladder carcinoma in Egypt 0884-6812/14/3603-0121/$18.00/0 © Science Printers and Publishers, Inc. Analytical and Quantitative Cytopathology and Histopathology ® Value of Urinary Survivin as a Diagnostic Marker in Bladder Cancer Tarek F. Abd El-Hakim, M.D., Maathir K. El-Shafie, M.D., Asmaa Gaber Abdou, M.D., Rania M. Azmy, M.D., Sherin S. El-Naidany, M.Sc., and Mohammed O. Badr El-Din, M.D. From the Departments of Medical Biochemistry, Urology, and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menofiya University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt. Drs. Abd El-Hakim and El-Shafie are Professors, Department of Medical Biochemistry. Dr. Abdou is Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology. Dr. Azmy is Lecturer, Department of Medical Biochemistry. Ms. El-Naidany is Assistant Lecturer, Department of Medical Biochemistry. Dr. Badr El-Din is Professor, Department of Urology. Address correspondence to: Asmaa Gaber Abdou, M.D., Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menofiya University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt (asmaa_elsaidy@yahoo.com). Financial Disclosure: The authors have no connection to any companies or products mentioned in this article.