Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2022, 10, 265-281
https://www.scirp.org/journal/gep
ISSN Online: 2327-4344
ISSN Print: 2327-4336
DOI: 10.4236/gep.2022.1011018 Nov. 30, 2022 265 Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection
Application of Parametric and Non Parametric
Classifiers for Assessing Land Use/Land Cover
Categories in Cocoa Landscape of Juaboso and
Bia West Districts of Ghana
Emmanuel Donkor
1*
, Edward Matthew Osei Jnr
2
, Stephen Adu-Bredu
3
,
Samuel A. Andam-Akorful
2
, Efiba Vidda Senkyire Kwarteng
2
, Lily Lisa Yevugah
4
1
Resource Management Support Centre of Forestry Commission, Kumasi, Ghana
2
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
3
Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Kumasi, Ghana
4
University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
Abstract
Satellite image classification has been used for long time in the field of remote
sensing since classification results are used in environmental research, agri-
culture, climate change and natural resource management. The cocoa land-
scape of Ghana is complex and diverse in nature, composing of mixture of
closed forest, open forest, settlements, croplands and cocoa farms which
make mapping the landscape difficult. The purpose of this research is to as-
sess and compare the classification performances of three machine learning
classifiers: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Artificial
Neural Network (ANN) and a statistical classification algorithm: Maximum
Likelihood (ML) to know which classifier is best suited for mapping the cocoa
landscape of Ghana using Juaboso and Bia West districts of Ghana as study
area. A representative sampling approach was adopted to collect 1246 sample
points for the various Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) types. These sample
points were divided at random into 869 which form 70% for classification
and 377 which constitute 30% of the total sample points for validation. The
Stacked sentinel-2 image, classification data and validation data storing the
identities of the LULC classes were imported in R to run supervised classifi-
cation for each classifier. The classification results show that the highest over-
all accuracy and kappa statistics were produced by the support vector ma-
chine (86.47%, 0.7902); next is the artificial neural network (85.15%, 0.7700),
followed by the random forest (84.08%, 0.7559) and finally the maximum li-
kelihood (78.51%, 0.6668). The final LULC map produced under this study
How to cite this paper: Donkor, E., Jnr, E.
M. O., Adu-Bredu, S., Andam-Akorful, S.
A., Kwarteng, E. V. S., & Yevugah, L. L.
(2022). Application of Parametric and Non
Parametric Classifiers for Assessing Land
Use/Land Cover Categories in Cocoa Land-
scape of Juaboso and Bia West Districts of
Ghana. Journal of Geoscience and Environ-
ment Protection, 10, 265-281.
https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2022.1011018
Received: October 12, 2022
Accepted: November 27, 2022
Published: November 30, 2022
Copyright © 2022 by author(s) and
Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution International
License (CC BY 4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Open Access