Int J Cur Res Rev | Vol 12 • Issue 24 • December 2020 179 Corresponding Author: Prof. Gangadhar Sahoo, Dean IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Email: dean.ims@soauniversity.ac.in ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print) ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online) Received: 18.07.2020 Revised: 17.09.2020 Accepted: 12.11.2020 Published: 14.12.2020 International Journal of Current Research and Review DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31782/IJCRR.2020.122431 INTRODUCTION Congenital Hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common pre- ventable cause of mental retardation. 1 The classical clinical symptoms and signs are usually not manifested in the vast majority of infants in their newborn period and gradually develop over a few weeks even in infants with thyroid agen- esis. 2 Newborn screening (NBS) brought a revolutionary achievement in preventive medicine and showed a promising result. NBS for CH has been in practice in many developed countries since the early 1970s. 3 Despite this, 71% of new- borns worldwide have no access to the established NBS pro- gramme. 4 During the past decades, several efficient NBS pi- lot studies for CH have established beyond doubt the need for a national NBS initiative. 5 The Indian Academy of Pediatrics strongly advocated the inclusion of NBS in India’s public health policy. 6 The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Department of Govt. of India launched an NBS programme named “Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK)” under the umbrella of National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) 7 , but this program is only in the infant stage and is not carried out at the peripheral level. Under these circumstances an at- tempt has been made to detect the incidence of congenital hypothyroidism in the urban health set up, to reach a defi- nite diagnosis from the already ongoing procedure for future treatment modality. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hospitals, one nursing home (where delivery is con- ducted) and one clinic, all non Government organizations, . ABSTRACT Background: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common preventable cause of mental retardation. Clinical manifesta- tions of CH are not usually manifested at birth and remain undetected. The undetected CH infants show signs and symptoms of mental retardation at later age. Newborn screening for CH is a cheap and affordable tool to detect CH at birth to prevent mental retardation. There is the paucity of studies for detection of CH in this region of Odisha, hence this study. Objective: To ascertain the incidence of CH in newborn babies and the effect of different variables on the level of TSH at birth. Methods: This is retrospective observational study in babies born in selected centre of Odisha and newborns attending for a normal health check-up within 3-5 days. Estimation of TSH level from venous blood samples collected from 1530 neonates, included in this study, at 72-120 hours after birth and from 163 newborns, recalled for reestimation, at 21-30 days. Results: Out of 1530 neonates, no case of CH was found. Incidence of CH was zero. However, different variants influenced the level of TSH. Level of TSH decreased with the advancement of age. Neonates with male sex, low birth weight and those born by vaginal delivery had a significantly higher TSH. Gestational age and parity did not affect TSH level.163 neonates probably had Transitional Hypothyroidism. Conclusion: CH can be detected at an affordable cost which outweighs the cost of investigation and treatment of CH and mental retardation in later life. Key Words: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Newborn Screening (NBS), Congenital Hypothyroidism (CH). Newborn Screening for Congenital Hypothyroidism in Institutional Set Up in an Urban Area in Odisha Prasanna Kumar Sahoo 1 , Arakhita Swain 2 , Gangadhar Sahoo 3 , Smaraki Mohanty 4 , Kulani Barik 5 1 Senior Consultant in Pediatrics, Laxmi Hospital, Vyasanagar ( Jajpur Road), Odisha, India; 2 Professor & HOD, Department of Pediatrics, SLN Medical College Hospital, Koraput, Odisha, India; 3 Dean IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; 4 Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; 5 Senior Consultant in O&G, Sharmistha Memorial Hospital, Vyasanagar ( Jajpur Road), Odisha, India. Original Research Article IJCRR Section: Healthcare Sci. Journal Impact Factor: 6.1 (2018) ICV: 90.90 (2018) Copyright@IJCRR