J Appl Entomol. 2020;00:1–6. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jen | 1 © 2020 Blackwell Verlag GmbH
1 | INTRODUCTION
The onion maggot (Delia antiqua Meigen) is an economically import-
ant pest of Allium crops worldwide. Found primarily in temperate
climates, D. antiqua is well established in onion growing regions in
the Americas, Europe and Asia where crop losses due to this pest
can range from 50 to 100 per cent on onions ( Allium cepa L.), garlic
( Allium sativum L.), scallions ( Allium fistulosum L.) and chives ( Allium
schoenoprasum L.) if left unmanaged (Ellis & Eckenrode, 1979; Ning,
Wei, & Feng, 2017; Nault, 2007; Nault, Straub, & Taylor, 2006; Nault,
Zhao, Straub, Nyrop, & Hessney, 2006). Intensive management of
this pest has become a necessary component of effective onion pro-
duction in many parts of the world and severe damage from this pest
continues to occur in areas where Allium crops are grown without
rotation or where populations resistant to insecticides have devel-
oped (Martinson, Nyrop, & Eckenrode, 1988; Nault, Zhao, et al.,
2006).
Delia antiqua is a primary pest in part due to its lifecycle. It is
multivoltine with three generations per year in the Northern United
States (Eckenrode, Vea, & Stone, 1975; Hoepting, Scott-Dupree,
Harris, & McDonald, 2004). Larvae feed on plant roots and allium
bulbs causing the damage associated with this pest. First-generation
infestations are particularly devastating as early feeding by D. anti-
qua larvae can kill seedlings (Nault, Zhao, et al., 2006; Nault, Straub,
et al., 2006). In addition, damaged plants become more suscepti-
ble to infestation by subsequent generations and plant pathogens
(Eckenrode & Nyrop, 1986; Nault, Straub, et al., 2006). Even if plants
are not completely killed by D. antiqua larvae, feeding damage often
renders the bulbs unmarketable.
Management of this pest has relied on prophylactic insecticide
applications at planting (Nault, Straub, et al., 2006). A variety of
organophosphate and carbamate insecticides have been used and
discontinued (Nault, Straub, et al., 2006). Chlorpyrifos is commonly
used as a drench treatment in combination with either the cyroma-
zine seed treatment (Trigard) (Nault, Straub, et al., 2006) or the seed
treatment package containing thiamethoxam, spinosad and several
fungicides (FarMore FI500). Cultural practices such as crop rota-
tion, removal of cull and volunteer onions from fields, and delayed
Received: 3 October 2019
|
Revised: 20 January 2020
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Accepted: 22 January 2020
DOI: 10.1111/jen.12740
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
Field monitoring of onion maggot (Delia antiqua) fly through
improved trapping
Denis S. Willett | Camila C. Filgueiras | Jan P. Nyrop | Brian A. Nault
Entomology, Cornell AgriTech, Cornell
University, Geneva, NY, USA
Correspondence
Denis S. Willett, Entomology, Cornell
AgriTech, Cornell University, Geneva, NY,
USA.
Email: deniswillett@cornell.edu
Abstract
Onion maggot (Delia antiqua) is an economically important pest of Allium crops in
temperate regions throughout the world. Management of this pest is necessary to
achieve economic returns and depends on insecticide regimes and cultural manage-
ment. Current cultural management especially altering planting date, field location
and crop rotation depend on monitoring. We evaluated the effect of shape, size,
colour and chemical attractants on trap catch of field populations of adult D. antiqua
flies in upstate New York. White, large diameter, spherical traps in conjunction with
Delia Lure attractant performed the best in attracting and catching D. antiqua adults.
These results suggest an improved means of attracting and capturing D. antiqua pop-
ulations which could be useful in monitoring efforts and development of attract and
kill strategies for pest control.
KEYWORDS
attract-and-kill, attraction, Delia antiqua, Lure, onion maggot, onion management, sticky-trap