ISSN: 2395-6887
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ISOI Journal Of Microbiology, Biotechnology And Food Science
Volume 2 Issue 2; Page No. 50-54
Page50
RESEARCH
Assessment of Pollution status of river Ganga in Haridwar
Vani Sharma and Padma Singh
Department of Microbiology, Kanya Gurukul Campus, Gurukul Kangri vishwavidhayalaya, Haridwar- 249404
Email: drpadmasingh06@gmail.com
ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
Received 1 Jun. 2016
Accepted 16 Jun. 2016
Corresponding Author:
Vani Sharma
River Ganga is the largest perennial river of Indian sub-continent, which originates as
a stream called “Bhagirathi” from Goumukh in the Gangotri glacier between 30”5’N
and 79
0
7’E, above 4100m above mean sea level. In the present study we focused on
the most important issue of today i.e. the pollution of river Ganga. The area of study
includes different sites of Haridwar i.e. Bheemgodha, Prem- nagar, Kankhal and
Jwalapur. In Haridwar and near by area river Ganga faces a bulk of residential,
industrial and tourist waste due to which its get highly polluted. The samples from
above mentioned sites were analyzed for presence of heavy metals, various physio-
chemical parameters and microbial diversity. The various heavy metals had been
found in the range of As (0.028 to 0.069 ppm), Cr (0.026 to 0.070 ppm), Cu (0.004 to
0,02 ppm), Fe (2.623 to 0.926 ppm), Hg (0,214 to ND ppm), Cd (1.078 to 0.0002
ppm) Ni (0.006 to 0.001 ppm), seasonal variation of physio-chemical parameters
(pH, DO, BOD, TDS, Free CO
2
, Turbidity, Conductivity) and Microbial Diversity was
also detected, Based on findings Ganga river found to be polluted by heavy metals
and various microbes heavy metals especially Arsenic, iron and Mercury
concentration was found to be above maximum acceptable concentration given by
WHO and BIS. Hence appropriate measures should be taken to control the pollution.
©2016, IOSI, All Right Reserved.
Email;
vanisharma1988@gmail.com
Key words: River Ganga,
pollution, Heavy metals,
Physio- chemical parameters,
microbial diversity.
INTRODUCTION
Water is the most precious resource, essential to
sustain the life on earth. The Ganga river is one of the
most utilized rivers in the world, due to the abundant
availability of water throughout the year, it has played
an important role in the development of Indian
civilization and economy. The water of river Ganga is
frequently used for drinking, cooking and bathing
purposes due to ancient knowledge that Ganges water
does not putrefy, even after a long period of storage,
Water has been used from time immemorial for
remedial purposes. Most religious beliefs involve some
ceremonial use of Holy water and in the India the water
of river Ganga is treated with such reverence. Under
the continuous Saraswati- Indus civilization going back
to 7500 BC, the river Ganga is mentioned in Rigveda
(Usler, 2006). Hippocrates, going back to 500 BC, wrote
about the healing of disease with water. Bathing held a
prominent place in the law that was prepared by the
Moses under divine instruction for the government of
the Hebrew nation. The role of the bath in the
treatment of leprosy also would lead one to believe
that the water was used for curative effects (Kloss,
1929). Outbreaks of acute diarrheal disease have been
identified as causes of fatal disease dating back as far as
the Sanskrit literature and during Hippocratic times.
Increased urbanization and industrialization in the
basin, has resulted in polluting the river, since the river
has been preferred waste disposal sites for industrial
and domestic effluents. Arbitrary and hysterical
discharge of industrial and urban wastes into the
environmental sink has become an issue of major global
concern (Hernandez et al., 1988; Gupta and Mahapatra,
2003; Strong and Burgess, 2008). The pollution of