Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics (IJAB) Vol.19, No.2, 103-113, 2023 DOI: 10.22067/ijab.2023.84195.1062 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Corresponding Author: joshi.rajeev20@gmail.com ©2023 FERDOWSI UNIVERSITY OF MASHHAD, IRAN THIS WORK IS LICENSED UNDER A CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION 4.0 INTERNATIONAL LICENSE. IJAB ISSN: 1735-434X (print); 2423-4222 (online) Assessment of Population Status and Diurnal Behaviour of White-rumped Vulture, Gyps bengalensis (Gmelin, 1788), in Ghachowk, Kaski, Nepal Anju Koirala 1 , Tej Kumar Shrestha 2 , Rajeev Joshi 3* , Ganesh Paudel 4 , Kamal Raj Gosai 5 , Suman Ghimire 3 1 Clean Energy Nepal, Mahalaxmisthan, Lalipur-44600, Nepal. 2 School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Albany Campus, Palmerston North, New Zealand. 3 College of Natural Resource Management, Faculty of Forestry, Agriculture and Forestry University, Katari-56310, Udayapur, Nepal. 4 Department of Forests and Soil Conservation, Government of Nepal, Kathmandu-44600, Nepal. 5 Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Ghantaghar, Kathmandu-44600, Nepal. (Received: 30 August 2023; Accepted: 10 November 2023) Abstract Vulture Safe Feeding Sites (VSFS) provide diclofenac-free food and create an ideal environment for long-term ecological research on vultures. This study determines the population status and investigates the diurnal behavior of White-rumped Vulture (Gyps bengalensis) at the Ghachowk VSFS in Kaski, Nepal. We deployed the absolute count method to determine population of White- rumped Vulture (Gyps bengalensis), while scan sampling was applied to investigate their diurnal behaviour. The observed population of Gyps bengalensis ranged from 34 to 65 individuals (with an average of 50±10, based on a sample size of 9). Throughout the daytime, a total of 1651 instances of 11 distinct activities were recorded for the species in 729 separate observations. The most frequent daytime behaviour observed was perching (28%) followed by preening (14%), basking (13%), scratching (13%) flapping (10%), flying (9%) and disturbance (7%). Other behaviors, like feeding, sleeping (roosting), fighting (competition), and bathing, were observed less frequently (<2% each). Perching occurred most frequently during heavy rain, accounting for 66% of the observations, and in the late afternoon, representing 36% of the instances. Basking was most commonly observed during partly sunny conditions, comprising 26% of the observations, and in the noon hours, representing 20% of the instances. Scratching behavior was most frequently observed during clear weather, accounting for 16% of the observations, and during cloudy conditions and in the morning, accounting for 14% of the instances. In the Ghachowk VSFS, other associated species with White- rumped Vulture were Red-headed Vulture Sarcogyps calvus, Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus, and Slender-billed Vulture Gyps tenuirostris. This study plays a pivotal role in uncovering the conservation requirements especially in reducing social taboos of the tradition communities regarding this critically endangered species which needs strong social support for its long-term conservation. Keywords: behavioral study, critically endangered species, vulture feeding sites INTRODUCTION RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access