Research Article
Knowledge and Practice of Breast Cancer Screening
Methods among Female Community Pharmacists in Jordan: A
Cross-Sectional Study
Nehad M. Ayoub ,
1
Ghaith M. Al-Taani ,
2
Basima A. Almomani ,
1
Linda Tahaineh ,
1
Khawla Nuseir ,
1
Areej Othman ,
3
and Kofi Boamah Mensah
4
1
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid 22110, Jordan
2
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
3
Maternal and Child Health Nursing Department, School of Nursing, University of Jordan, Jordan
4
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Ghana
Correspondence should be addressed to Nehad M. Ayoub; nmayoub@just.edu.jo
Received 22 May 2021; Accepted 3 September 2021; Published 30 September 2021
Academic Editor: Pranshu Sahgal
Copyright © 2021 Nehad M. Ayoub et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
Objectives. Our study is aimed at exploring the knowledge and personal practice of breast cancer screening among female
community pharmacists in Jordan. Methods. A cross-sectional survey was carried out using a nonrandom sample selection
method for pharmacists in community pharmacies. Results. A total of 551 female pharmacists completed the questionnaire.
The mean age of pharmacists was 29:1±7:3 years (range 21–67), and most have bachelor degrees in pharmacy (89.1%). The
mean score of knowledge of breast cancer signs and symptoms was 4:2±1:5 out of 6 points (range 0–6). The mean score of
knowledge of risk factors was 7:6±1:9 out of 12 points (ranging from 2–12). The mean score for knowledge of screening
guidelines was 2:8±0:9 out of 4 points (range 0–4). Overall, 452 pharmacists (85.8%) had acceptable knowledge while 75
pharmacists (14.2%) had poor knowledge of breast cancer. Pharmacists surveyed were aware of the different screening
methods of breast cancer. The percentage of pharmacists who has performed breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast
examination (CBE), and mammography was 46.6%, 16.5%, and 5.4%, respectively. The most common reason for the lack of
BSE and CBE performance was the absence of breast symptoms. Not being at the age recommended for mammography was
the most common reason for not undergoing this screening method. Knowledge and practice of screening methods were
influenced by age, years of experience, geographic region, personal history of breast cancer, and educational level among
community pharmacists. Conclusions. This study revealed some gaps in the knowledge of breast cancer among female
community pharmacists. The practice of the different screening methods was suboptimal, and variable reasons were indicated
for the low uptake of these screening methods. Community pharmacists need to practice preventive behaviors to a satisfactory
level to encourage women in the community to adopt similar behavior.
1. Introduction
Breast cancer is the top cancer in women in both the devel-
oped and the developing world [1]. It accounts for 30% of
all newly diagnosed cancer cases among women worldwide
[1]. Data from Jordan National Cancer Registry show breast
cancer as the leading cancer among women accounting for
39.4% of all newly diagnosed cases [2]. Most breast cancer
patients in Jordan (30.5%) are presented with advanced
stages and more aggressive tumors [3]. Therefore, early
detection is critical to improving breast cancer outcomes
and survival.
Early diagnosis of breast cancer is a potentially beneficial
way to control the disease and reduce mortality [4]. Breast
Hindawi
International Journal of Breast Cancer
Volume 2021, Article ID 9292768, 13 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9292768