International Conference on Contemporary Science and Clinical Pharmacy, Indonesia-2023 | 126 KASTURI ORANGE PEEL (CITRUS MICROCARPA BUNGE) ESSENTIAL OIL: CHEMICAL PROFILE, FORMULATION AS ROLL-ON AROMATHERAPY AND ITS EVALUATION Original Article YAHDIAN RASYADI 1* , WIDA NINGSIH 2 , WANDA PRANCA MULYA 3 , DINI HANIFA 4 1,2 Pharmaceutical Technology Department in the Clinical Pharmacy Bachelor Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Baiturrahmah, Padang-25176, Indonesia. 3 Clinical Pharmacy Bachelor Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Baiturrahmah, Padang-25176, Indonesia. 4 Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Andalas, Padang-25163, Indonesia * Corresponding author: Yahdian Rasyadi; * Email: yahdian_rasyadi@fk.unbrah.ac.id Received: 27 Sep 2023, Revised and Accepted: 23 Nov 2023 ABSTRACT Objective: Kasturi orange (Citrus microcarpa Bunge) is widely cultivated and consumed in Indonesia. The fruit's flesh is a good source of vitamin C. Essential oil of kasturi orange peel is one of the ingredients used as a raw material for aromatherapy roll-on preparations. Roll-on aromatherapy is currently widely used by various age groups. This research aims to determine the content of kasturi oil, its formulation as a roll-on aromatherapy preparation, and its physical evaluation. Methods: The essential oil of kasturi orange peel was extracted using the distillation method, and then the physicochemical properties were examined. The chemical content of the oil was analyzed using GC-MS. The roll-on aromatherapy preparation formulas were made by varying concentrations of kasturi oil, F0 (0%), F1 (4%), F2 (6%), and F3 (10%). Additional substances used were menthol, camphor, patchouli oil, and virgin coconut oil. Patchouli oil was used in this preparation to make the aroma last longer. Evaluation of roll-on aromatherapy preparations includes organoleptic tests, pH tests, specific gravity, viscosity, clarity, and stability. Results: From the extraction results, the percentage yield of essential kasturi oil was 0.55% v/w, with a density of 0.85 g/ml and a refractive index of 1.469. From the chromatogram results, there were 18 compounds in kasturi oil; the largest component was D-limonene (32.59%). Physical evaluation results of all roll-on aromatherapy formulas had met the requirements. Conclusion: From the chromatogram results, there were 18 compounds in kasturi oil, with the largest component were D-limonene (32.59%). Formula F3 had the best aroma intensity, approximately for 5 h, with a slightly strong aroma, and physical evaluation results of all roll-on aromatherapy formulas had met the requirements. Keywords: Roll on, Aromatherapy, Kasturi oil, Citrus microcarpa bunge, Kasturi orange peel © 2024 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s1.28 Journal homepage: https://innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ijap INTRODUCTION Essential oils, commonly called volatile oils, are substances that evaporate easily and have a distinctive aroma. They are insoluble in water and contain organic compounds and natural extracts from plant species from leaves, flowers, wood, seeds, and even pistils. At least 150 types of essential oils are traded on the world market, and 40 varieties are produced in Indonesia. Even though many kinds of essential oils are produced in Indonesia, only a few have been developed [1]. Essential oils have many uses, depending on the type of plant from which they are distilled. Generally, essential oils are used as raw materials for flavors and fragrances. The pharmaceutical industry uses it as an analgesic, anti-infective, and bacteria killer. Essential oils are used as fragrances to cover the unpleasant odors of other ingredients and also insecticides [2]. Kasturi orange is a plant from the Rutacea family that can be extracted into essential oil. Kasturi oranges are widely distributed throughout Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. This plant is commonly cultivated in North and West Sumatra. It is beneficial for the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries because it contains high levels of secondary metabolism, flavonoids, vitamin C, and antioxidants [3]. The main ingredients contained in the essential oil of kasturi orange peel are D- limonene, (R)-(+)-citronellal, 3-isopropenyl-5,5-dimethyl-cyclopentene, ฀-terpinene, citronellol, and ฀-terpineol. D-limonene is a monoterpene found in many essential oils reported to have antimicrobial activity. D- limonene has also been used in the manufacture of many products, such as cosmetics and food. The D-limonene compound has quite low toxicity. D-limonene is not mutagenic, carcinogenic, or nephrotoxic in humans. Kasturi orange peel oil extracted with N-hexane and dichloromethane will produce aromatic compounds [4]. Aromatherapy is a form of alternative medicine that utilizes plant volatiles, also known as essential oils, which aim to improve mood, health, and cognitive function. Apart from that, aromatherapy is made from various plant extracts, such as flowers, leaves, wood, plant roots, bark, and other parts of plants, with different manufacturing methods according to their respective uses and functions [5]. Various essential oils have been researched and found to be effective as a mild sedative that calms the central nervous system, which helps overcome insomnia, especially those caused by stress, anxiety, tension, and depression [6]. One of the components used in making aromatherapy preparations is a fixative such as Patchouli Oil (Pogoestemon cablin Benth). Patchouli oil contains several compounds, including buenesen, benzaldehyde, patchouli alcohol, patchoulien, and ariophyllene. The patchouli alcohol content in patchouli oil can be used as a fixative agent (binding agent), which is useful for the pharmaceutical industry in manufacturing medicines, cosmetic products, and others. If the patchouli alcohol content is higher, the higher quality of the patchouli oil is produced [7]. The best concentration of patchouli oil as a fixative in the preparation of air freshener gel is with a concentration of 3% and a concentration of coffee oil with a concentration of 5% [8]. Patchouli oil also used as a base note, where the mixture of lemongrass and ylang-ylang oil can reduce stress levels in healthy women. In this research, the essential oil of kasturi orange peel was formulated into a roll-on preparation by adding patchouli oil as a fixative [9]. The preparation was then evaluated for its physical properties, including organoleptic, pH, viscosity, specific gravity, stability, and aroma intensity test [10]. MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials Kasturi oranges were obtained from the Tunggul Hitam area, Padang City, Indonesia. The plant has been identified in the Andalas University herbarium with the species name Citrus microcarpa Bunge (Result of Plant Identification No: 389/K-ID/ANDA/VI/2023). International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ISSN- 0975-7058 Vol 16, Special Issue 1, 2024