JOURNAL OF MEDIOCAL CORNVUS 2(7): 18-29
ISSN:____-____
www.gulfpublishers.com
18
Immunoinformatics Approach for Multi Components Vaccine Against Human Immunodeficiency
Virus
*Adeoti O.M.
1, 2, 3
, Jimoh A.O.
1
, Adeoye K.A
1, 3
, Olaoye V.A.
1
1. The Oke- Ogun Polytechnic, Saki Oyo State Nigeria, Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Microbiology option
2. Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Department of Pure & Applied Biology, Ogbomoso
3. Department of Zoology, Parasitology Unit, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. 4.Cellular Parasitology Unit, Department of Zoology, University
of Ibadan, Nigeria
Abstract: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a single-stranded RNA virus which is
responsible for the cause of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). An urgent need
arises to establish antigen-based immunodiagnostic for earlier monitoring of HIV and the
development of vaccines. Therefore an efficient vaccine design against HIV is necessary which is
achievable with the use of the most current bioinformatics tools. In this study, immune-informatics
approach was used to design a multi-component vaccine against HIV. The present study aims to choose and analyze different
epitopes of Gag_Hv1h2, Rev_Hv1h3, Pol_Hv1b1, Pol_Hv1n5, Pol_Hv2ro, Pol_Hv1h2, Nef_Hv1br, Env_Hv1h2, Env_Hv1br,
Vif_Hv1n5, Vif_Hv1h2, Vpr_Hv1h2, Vpu_Hv1br, Vpu_Hv1h2, Vpr_Hv1br, Tat_Hv1h2, Tat_Hv1br, Zep2_Mouse,
Zep2_Human, Zep2_Rat using bioinformatics analysis and software. B-cell epitopes were predicted using IEDB and NetMHC
webserver was used to the prediction of binding of peptides to MHC Class-I and Class II. Physicochemical analysis of vaccine
showed that the molecular weight of candidate vaccine is <50000kDa with the half-life of 30 hours in mammalian reticulocytes,
greater than 20 hours for yeast, and greater than 10 hours for E.coli. The chemicals formula of the vaccine was
C1933H3139N653O615S9, and the theoretical pl of the candidate vaccine was 10.36. There are 400 amino acids in the protein
structure. The aliphatic index is 58.00, the stability index is computed to be 41.72, and then it is classified as unstable proteins.
The vaccine has two transmembrane helix, therefore no expression difficulties are predicted in the production of the vaccine.
Ramachandran plot analysis by pro check showed that 92.5% of residues are in most favored regions 7.5% of residues are
additional allowed regions and 0.0% of residues are in disallowed regions. The vaccine may activate humoral and cellular
immune responses against of Human Immunodeficiency Virus. However, the vaccine was evaluated as non-allergenic, antigenic,
soluble, and with an appropriate molecular weight and isoelectric point. This novel oral vaccine design could be a good vaccine
candidate against HIV.
Keywords: Immunoinformatics, Ramachandra Plot, Z-score, Physicochemical, Multi-epitopes, Vaccine.
1. INTRODUCTION
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be a single-
stranded RNA virus that is responsible to the explanation for
acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS is
defined either in terms of when CD4+ T cell counts below 200
cells per microliter or the occurrence of specific diseases in
association with an HIV infection and the immunity of the
physical body is weak. [1]. during a recent report suggested by
the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) show
that 1,148,200 Americans aged 13 and older were living with
HIV [2]. However, within the 2008-09 National AIDS Control
Organization has reported that 2.39 million people accept
HIV/AIDS in India [3]. While a newer investigation by the
Million Death Study Collaborators within the British Medical
Journal estimated that 1.4-1.6 million people suffer with AIDS
[4]. There's an urgent need for controlling of AIDS by
developing or producing rapid, eco-friendly, and price
effective immunodiagnostic capability. Therefore, two sorts of
HIV are characterized including HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is
that the virus that was initially discovered and thought of to be
more virulent, which caused the bulk of HIV infections
worldwide [5]. The lower infectivity of HIV-2 compared to
HIV-1 implies that fewer of these exposed to HIV-2 are going
to be infected per exposure, due to its relatively poor capacity
for transmission; HIV-2 is essentially confined to West Africa
[6]. The culture of HIV is in laboratory is difficult and time
consuming process; thus, variety of immune-informatics tool
are developed for prediction of T and B cells epitopes.
Vaccine design within the pre-omics era depended heavily on
biochemical and immunological techniques like phage display
library, overlapping peptides, ELISA, immunohistochemistry,
immunofluorescence, radioimmunoassay, Western blotting,
NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography of antibody-antigen
structure, and attenuation of untamed type pathogens by
random mutation and serial passage, a process that's very
REVIEW ARTICLE
Received: 16-07-2021
Accepted: 25-07-2021
Published: 26-07-2021
* Corresponding author:( Adeoti O.M.)
Published online at http://gulfpublishers.com/journal/1
Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Gulf Publishers
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution
International
License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/