53 International Journal of Sciences, Engineering & Environmental Technology (IJOSEET), 10(15): 53 – 63, 2023 ISSN 0794-9650 www.repcomseet.org Effects of Gaseous Fuel and Lubricating Oil Additives on Emissions and Power Outputs from Portable Power Generator Lukman ANIMASHAUN* 1 , Adekunle YEKINNI 1 , Olukayode SOGUNRO 1 , and Gideon BAJELA 1 . 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Lagos State University of Science and Technology, Ikorodu, Lagos State * Corresponding Author: animashaun.l@lasustech.edu.ng Abstracts: Global concern for the release of harmful emissions from Internal Combustion (IC) engines requires the optimization of quantity and type of fuel used in addition to the type of lubricant. Gasoline- powered generators are known to produce exhaust fumes that are harmful to humans and the environment. This study investigates the effect of compressed natural gas (CNG) and lubricating oils on portable power generators. The effect of Boron additive in these oils was also investigated to compare results of torque and emission measurements from oils containing Boron to oils without Boron additives. The instruments used to carry out the measurement are a digital tachometer; contact type torque meter and a 5-gas exhaust analyzer. Average measurements from these instruments are used for the analysis of data obtained. One important finding of this study is the general loss in torque outputs with increased speed for all the lubricating oils. However, oils lubricated with Boron additives minimized this loss at different speeds more in SAE 20W50 than SAE 40 oils. Another important finding of this study is that hazards from Carbon monoxide poisoning, NOx, THC, and CO2 are highest at lower engine speeds than at higher speeds. It is expected that results from this study will inform users of portable household generators on the benefits of using CNG and boron-containing additives in lubricating oils for power efficiency and harmful emission reduction. Keywords: Additives, Boron, Compressed Natural Gas, Emission, Torque. Introduction The internal combustion (IC) engines are used in providing mechanical energy to power ships, vehicles, trains, boats, aircraft, power generators, and many mechanical systems that require mechanical power in form of a rotating shaft. The combustion of air and fuels such as petrol, natural gas, diesel, and biodiesel blends in a combustion chamber of IC engines can either be complete (formation of CO2 and H2O) or incomplete (formation of CO, CO2, C, H2O, etc.) (Akin, 2016). The release of uncontrolled harmful gases will not only affect mechanical power outputs from IC engines, but also the environment and humans alike. The electricity availability and utilization in any country of the world are very important to its growth and economic prosperity. However, many countries do not have proper grid infrastructure. Nigeria, has a population of with a population above 200 million people (Ohia, Bakarey, & Ahmad, 2020), with an installed power generation capacity near 13,000 MW and an actual generation that has never been greater than 5,000 MW (Daggash & Mac Dowell, 2021). This is grossly inadequate to cope with the growing population of people who needs electrical power for their various homes and businesses. This shortfall comes at the expense of alternative sources of energy with a major contribution coming from power generators. Most of these generator engines used in Nigeria are either gasoline- or diesel-fuelled. The diesel is used commonly by medium to heavy-duty engines (5-100 kVA upwards), while small portable power generators (PPG) range from 0.75 to 5 KVA which provides temporary electrical power up to certain wattage and is designed for outdoor use. Users of PPG often place generators near or in their homes due to generator theft and noise to neighbors (Adefeso, Sonibare, Akeredolu, & Rabiu, 2013). A research study reveals that an estimated 60 million Nigerians invest about N1.6 trillion to purchase and maintain standby generators annually (Emem, Gorbunov, Rakhmanov, & Sergienko). A major hazard from the use of PPG is carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning where five out of 104 deaths in the U.S are caused by a generator placed outside the home near open windows, doors, or vents (Marcy & Ascone,