Research Article Diabetes Mellitus and HIV Infection among Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in the North West Region of Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study Leonard Fonkeng Sama , 1 Sidoine Sadjeu, 2 Thibau Flaurant Tchouangueu , 3 Solange Dabou, 1 Georges Ful Kuh, 1 Omer Bebe Ngouateu, 4 and Michel Noubom 3 1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon 2 Gulf of Guinea University Institute, Institute of Applied Science, Douala, Cameroon 3 Department of Microbiology, Haematology and Immunology, aculty of Health and Pharmaceutical Science, P.O. Box 96, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon 4 University of Yaound´ e I, aculty of Science, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, P.O. Box 812, Yaound´ e, Cameroon Correspondence should be addressed to Leonard Fonkeng Sama; safole2000@yahoo.fr and Michel Noubom; noubommichel@yahoo.fr Received 23 April 2023; Revised 21 July 2023; Accepted 7 September 2023; Published 24 November 2023 Academic Editor: Tun•Chieh Chen Copyright©2023LeonardFonkengSamaetal.TisisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objective.TodeterminetheprevalencerateofHIVanddiabetesamongtuberculosis(TB)patientsandalsothecomorbidityrate. Design. Cross•sectional study. Setting. Tis study was carried out at the Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Regional Hospital Bamenda, North West Region of Cameroon, from January 2017 to December 2019. Participants. 1115 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis aged ≥14years (mean 42.5 ± 15.28years). Methods. Sputum samples collected were acid•fast stained and examined macroscopicallyaswellasinoculatedforculture.AchestX•raywasperformedforfurtherconfrmationofTBdiagnosis.Afterthe TB diagnosis was done, fasting blood glucose, 2h•PG test, HbA1c, and biochemical enzymatic tests were performed for the diagnosis of diabetes. Rapid strip test and enzyme•linked immunosorbent assay were used to diagnose HIV infection. In• terventions. No intervention was done during the period of study. Outcome Measures. Te prevalence of TB/HIV and TB/HIV/ DM, signs and symptoms, imaging results, and bacteriology status among TB/HIV, TB/HIV/DM coinfected, and comorbidity cases. Results. Of 1115 participants, 38.57% had TB/HIV, and 5.83% had TB/HIV/DM. Among TB/HIV/DM cases, 20.39% had a cough for more than 2weeks p < 0.0001; OR (95%CI): 4.866 (3.170–7.404)], and 35.71% had a fever for at least 2weeks p < 0.0001;OR(95%CI):7.824(5.336–11.36)].Temajorityof TB/HIV/DMpatients(77.42%)hadchestpainforatleast2weeks p < 0.0001; OR (95%CI):114.3 (59.78–207.1)]. 7.41%, 14.18%, and 9.09% of TB/HIV/DM, respectively, had chest abnormality, positive smear, and positive culture (p =0.018). Signifcant diferences were observed between signs and symptoms, imaging results, bacteriology, treatment history for TB cases and those with HIV and/or DM, and those without HIV and/or DM coinfection and comorbidity. Conclusion. Tis study reports a high prevalence of DM comorbidity and HIV coinfection among active TB patients in the North West Region of Cameroon as well as TB/HIV/DM comorbidity. 1.Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is an infection caused by the bacilli of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex which includes Mycobac• terium tuberculosis stricto sensu, M. bovis, M. africanum, and M. microti et M. pinnipedii . It constitutes one of the ten leading causes of death in the world 1]. Despite the global strategy of treatment and prevention put in place by the World Health Organisation(WHO),theprevalenceofTBisstillrising2]. Te increase in the prevalence and speed of progression from latent tuberculosis(TB)infectiontoactiveTBislikelyaconsequenceof immunodefciencyasaresultofHIVinfection3]particularlyin Hindawi International Journal of Clinical Practice Volume 2023, Article ID 5998727, 8 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5998727