Peer Review Process: The Journal “Middle East Research Journal of Medical Sciences” abides by a double-blind peer review process such that the journal does not disclose the identity of the reviewer(s) to the author(s) and does not disclose the identity of the author(s) to the reviewer(s). 12 Middle East Research Journal of Medical Sciences ISSN: 2789-7699 (Print) & ISSN: 2958-2024 (Online) Frequency: Bi-Monthly Website: http://www.kspublisher.com/ Email: office@kspublisher.com Impact of Nocturnal Push-Up on Morning Values of Peripheral Oxygen Saturation and Cardiovascular Indices in Young Males Mayowa Jeremiah Adeniyi 1* , Anna Chika Idaguko 2 1 Departments of Physiology, Federal University Health Sciences Otukpo, Nigeria 2 Department of Anatomy, Edo State University Uzairue, Edo State, Nigeria Abstract: A typical physical exercise is characterized by intensity, frequency, duration and rhythmicity. The study investigated the effect of nocturnal push-up on morning values of peripheral oxygen saturation (SPO 2 ) and cardiovascular indices in apparently healthy males who have neither participated in pushup nor any programmed physical activities in the past three months. 15 apparently healthy young males averaging 16 years executed pushup work-out (44reps/min) between 7pm and 9 pm for a period of 2 weeks. SPO 2 , blood pressure and pulse rate were measured early in the morning between 6am and 8am 1 week before commencement of workout, two weeks of workout and a week after cessation of workout. Morning values of blood pressure and pulse rate were not significantly affected by either two week of pushup or cessation. However, morning value of SPO2 was significantly increased following 2 weeks of nocturnal pushup. 1week following cessation, SPO 2 was not significantly altered. The finding of the study showed the beneficial effect of nocturnal pushup on peripheral oxygen saturations in young males. Research Paper *Corresponding Author: Mayowa Jeremiah Adeniyi Departments of Physiology, Federal University Health Sciences Otukpo, Nigeria How to cite this paper: Mayowa Jeremiah Adeniyi & Anna Chika Idaguko (2024). Impact of Nocturnal Push-Up on Morning Values of Peripheral Oxygen Saturation and Cardiovascular Indices in Young Males. Middle East Res J. Med. Sci, 4(1): 12-17. Article History: | Submit: 11.12.2023 | | Accepted: 12.01.2024 | | Published: 01.02.2024 | Keywords: Nocturnal pushup, pulse rate, workout, SPO 2 , blood pressure, cardiovascular indices. Copyright © 2024 The Author(s): This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial use provided the original author and source are credited. INTRODUCTION Physiological processes and mechanisms fluctuate in distinct rhythmical patterns (Awosika et al., 2023; Adeniyi and Agoreyo, 2017). While some require more than 24 hours, others are achieved either in less than 24 hours or at an approximation of 24 hours (Adeniyi et al., 2021; Adeniyi et al., 2020; Awosika et al., 2023). Fluctuations in physiological processes and mechanisms requiring 24 hours approximation are known as circadian rhythms (Adeniyi et al., 2023). Circadian fluctuations in blood pressure, pulse rate and peripheral oxygen saturation evolved for energy optimization. Typically, blood pressure, heart rate and pulse rate are known to exist at basal level after awakening justifiable by low metabolic demand. Without any stress, morning values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure are in the range of 90 to 120 mmHg and 60-80 mmHg respectively, pulse rate and peripheral oxygen saturation are expected to be between 60 and 100 BPM and 95-100% respectively. Non- exertion-related increase in heart rate in the morning indicates a heart struggling hard to meet body metabolic demand at rest. Morning rise in blood pressure is a predictor of cardiovascular diseases (Hering et al., 2011; Oni and Adeniyi, 2017; Adeniyi et al., 2023). Insufficient blood oxygenation and impaired blood flow are reflected by low peripheral oxygen saturation (Adeniyi et al., 2023; Adeniyi and Awosika, 2023; Awosika et al., 2022). In a study by Akbay et al., (2022), recovery systolic blood pressure, maximum systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were correlative with morning surge in blood pressure but an independent relationship was observed between recovery systolic blood pressure and morning surge in blood pressure. Lambert et al., (2014) found no association between morning blood pressure surge and cold pressor test induced muscle sympathetic nerve activity, an index of autonomic vascular function (Adeniyi et al., 2022). In hypertensive individuals, rate of morning surge in blood pressure was found to be greater in normotensive subjects (Luo et al., (2013); rate of the morning surge in blood pressure was reportedly associated with cardiovascular and stroke events. DOI: 10.36348/merjms.2024.v04i01.003