Research Article Types and Presentation of Refractive Error among Individuals Aged 0–30 Years: Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study, Yemen Tawfik Saleh Mohammed Dhaiban , 1 Femina Purakaloth Ummer , 2 Hanan Khudadad , 3 and Shajitha Thekke Veettil 3 1 Department of Operations, Al umama Health Centre, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar 2 Department of Operations, Airport Health Centre, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar 3 Clinical Research Department, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar Correspondence should be addressed to Shajitha ekke Veettil; shajithajaleel@gmail.com Received 11 January 2021; Revised 15 April 2021; Accepted 23 June 2021; Published 5 July 2021 Academic Editor: Rahman Shiri Copyright © 2021 Tawfik Saleh Mohammed Dhaiban et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background. Refractive errors are the most common cause of visual impairment worldwide. Its proportion varied among societies and is considered as a public health challenge. Symptoms and signs associated with refractive errors are the most worrisome and common presentations in the general practice in eye clinics. Aim. e goal of this study was to determine the types and presentations of refractive error among the 0–30-year-old Yemeni population to aid early identification, diagnosis, referral, and treatment. Methodology. A cross-sectional study including 1,500 out-patients aged from 0 to 30 years attending the ophthalmology clinic in Sanaa, Yemen (between 2012 and 2015). All patients underwent visual acuity examination, autorefractometer, and anterior and posterior segment examination and were grouped according to type, that is, myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. Results. Hyperopia was the most common single diagnosis (53.3%) followed by myopia (33.3%). Astigmatism was uncommon as a single diagnosis (13.4%) but commonly associated with hyperopia or myopia. Myopia was more common in males (42.9%) than in females (25%). Hyperopia was more in females (62.5%) than in males (42.9%). Age groups most affected by refractive errors were 13–18 years (27.7%), 19–24 years (24.8%), and 25–30 years (24.6%), respectively. Decreased vision (53%) was a common presentation in myopia and astigmatism (41.5%) and less in hyperopia (39.6%). Headache was common in astigmatism (56%), hyperopia (28.8%), and myopia (17.8%). Muscle imbalance, namely, exotropia (27.2%), is mainly found in myopia and esotropia (24.3%) in hyperopia. Conclusions. In addition to decreased vision, our patients with refractive errors mostly complain of headaches with clear variations with age and type of refractive error. Early identification and proper categorization of refractive errors by age, gender, and other demographics by general physicians in primary care can better deduce and make useful referrals to eye specialists. 1.Introduction Refractive error is a problem with focusing light accurately on the retina due to the shape of the eye. e most common types of refractive error are near-sightedness (myopia), far- sightedness (hyperopia), astigmatism, and presbyopia. Near- sightedness results in faraway objects being blurry, far- sightedness, presbyopia results in close objects being blurry, and astigmatism causes objects to appear stretched out or blurry. Other symptoms may include double vision, headaches, and eye strain. Refractive errors are corrected with eyeglasses, contact lenses, or surgery [1]. e number of people globally with refractive errors has been estimated at one to two billion [2]. Rates vary between regions of the world with about 25% of Europeans and 80% of Asians affected [2]. Myopia is the most common disorder [3]. Rates among adults are between 15 and 49% while rates among children are between 1.2 and 42% [4]. Hyperopia more commonly affects young children and the elderly [5, 6]. Presbyopiaaffectsmostpeopleovertheageof35[1].In2013, Hindawi Advances in Medicine Volume 2021, Article ID 5557761, 7 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5557761