Research Article
Organic Solvent’s Effect in the Deposition of Platinum
Particles on MWCNTs for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Carolina Silva-Carrillo,
1
Edgar Alonso Reynoso-Soto,
1
Rosa María Félix-Navarro,
1
Shu Wai Lin-Ho,
1
Aline Díaz-Rivera,
1
Francisco Paraguay-Delgado,
2
José Álvaro Chávez-Carvayar,
3
and Gabriel Alonso-Núñez
4
1
Centro de Graduados e Investigaci´ on, Instituto Tecnol´ ogico de Tijuana, Apartado Postal 1166, 22000 Tijuana, BC, Mexico
2
Centro de Investigaci´ on en Materiales Avanzados, Miguel de Cervantes 120, 31109 Chihuahua, CHIH, Mexico
3
Instituto de Investigaci´ on en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Aut´ onoma de M´ exico, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria,
04510 Coyoac´ an, DF, Mexico
4
Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnolog´ ıa, Universidad Nacional Aut´ onoma de M´ exico, Km 107 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada,
Apartado Postal 356, 22800 Ensenada, BC, Mexico
Correspondence should be addressed to Edgar Alonso Reynoso-Soto; edgar.alonso@tectijuana.mx and
Rosa Mar´ ıa F´ elix-Navarro; rmfelix@tectijuana.mx
Received 24 July 2015; Revised 9 February 2016; Accepted 14 February 2016
Academic Editor: Xiao-Yu Yang
Copyright © 2016 Carolina Silva-Carrillo et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly
cited.
We reported the synthesis of platinum particles anchored on the surface of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Te synthesis of
platinum particles was carried out by microemulsion method using hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as surfactant
to enhance the dispersion of platinum particles in hexane (C6), heptane (C7), and octane (C8) solutions. Te efects of the
microemulsion dispersion medium on the synthesis of platinum particles on MWCNTs (MWCNT/Pt) hybrid materials and their
catalytic activities of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in HClO
4
were investigated. Te anchored platinum particles showed
good dispersion on carbon nanotubes surface with the average particle sizes of 2.65 ± 0.60, 2.89 ± 0.68, and 0.97 ± 0.29 nm for the
dispersion medium of C6, C7, and C8, respectively. Te experimental results of ORR experiments indicated a relationship between
the size and the dispersion media of the platinum particles; also the catalytic activity of the anchored platinum on MWCNT particles
strongly depends on the dispersion medium employed in the microemulsion process.
1. Introduction
A fuel cell is an electrochemical device which converts free
energy of a chemical reaction directly into electrical energy
[1]. Te main advantages of fuel cells are their high efciency
for electricity production of about 60% and practically zero
emissions [2]. Te cathode compartment is very important
for the fuel cell because it is where the oxygen reduction reac-
tion (ORR) takes place. Te ORR is a sluggish reaction that
consumes about 90% of total Pt content in PEM fuel cells [3].
Te sluggish kinetics of the ORR are the main factor afecting
the energy conversion efciency of fuel cells [4, 5]. Improve-
ment of the efciency of the catalyst by the development of Pt
nanoparticles supported on carbonaceous materials with
high surface area has been proposed as one of the most efec-
tive approaches to reduce the Pt contents with good activity
for the ORR [6–8]. Surface oxidation of Vulcan Carbon mate-
rials as support for platinum nanoparticles can also increase
the hydrophilicity of the surface, which can result in the
decrease of gas permeability, as the pores become more likely
to be flled with liquid water that can hinder gas transport [9].
Due to their unique electrical and structural properties, car-
bon nanotubes (CNTs) are an attractive support material for
Pt nanoparticles (Pt NPs). Carbon nanotubes have demon-
strated the ability to carry large current densities and fast elec-
tron transfer kinetics when used for electrochemical applica-
tions [10].
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Journal of Nanomaterials
Volume 2016, Article ID 5783920, 11 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5783920