IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 16, Issue 6 Ver. XIII (June. 2017), PP 24-31 www.iosrjournals.org DOI: 10.9790/0853-1606132431 www.iosrjournals.org 24 | Page Norms for cerebellum in Sudanese –A morphometric MRI based study Hiba Osman Mohmmed Sied Ahmed 1 , *Hussein Ahmed Hassan 1 and Caroline Edward Ayad 1 1 Sudan University of Science and Technology-Khartoum-Sudan Corresponding author: *Caroline Edward Ayad 2\ Abstract : The cerebellum is one of the most important structures in the posterior cranial fossa. The objectives of this study were to characterize the cerebellum and cerebrum by measuring the cerebellum height , vermians AP width in the mid-sagittal plane , the maximum cerebellar hemispheric width in axial plane and the cerebrum length and width, using MRI ,as well as to determine the impact of age and gender on the measurements in healthy Sudanese adults. The data were obtained from MR multi planes images done for 100 healthy Sudanese subjects, their mean age was 42.36±17.87 years old (Min=14.00, Max=80.00 years). Norms for Sudanese cerebellum and cerebrum measurements were established. The cereberum length was affected by age significantly at p=0.004; however no age related differences were noticed in the cerebellum measurements. The degree of the reduction in the cerebellar measurements is mild and unlikely to be significant. Smaller measurements of cerebellum and cerebrum were noticed in females than males, where the cerebellum hemisphere maximum width and cerebrum length were affected significantly by gender, while the cerebellum height and AP vermian width were not significantly correlated with gender. The results of this study provide a valuable addition to the normative database of the cerebellar and cerebrum anatomy for Sudanese .These data are an attempt to support the norms of the cerebellum data measured in axial and saggital images. It should be taken into account in functional imaging studies of aging, when the cerebellum is considered as an appropriate structure for reference and normalization for Sudanese. Keywords - Cerebellum, Brain , MRI, aging, neuroanatomy . I. INTRODUCTION The cerebellum is one of the most important structures in the posterior cranial fossa, it provided higher cognitive functions. Additionally, the cerebellum has a mission in behavioral and psychiatrically diseases. [1-3] Cerebellum also have a role on working memory function. [4, 5] Cerebellum continues to improve during childhood and adolescence, suggesting that it may be undergoing significant development during this period. Few is known regarding normal development of the cerebellum during life as mentioned by Diamond et al, 2000[6].Another study raised questions about whether the developmental curves are different between females and males. [7]Studies have mentioned that, the cerebellum develops from childishness to puberty and accesses the peak levels between 10 and 13 years old for both genders.[8] It develops over a long period: it is one of the first structures in the brain to begin to differentiate, but one of the last to mature as mentioned by Susan et al. 2008. [9] Aging of the human brain is a differential process in which significant declining in some regions coexists with relative safeguarding in others. [10-12]Although this issue is noticeable in the cerebral cortex, it is unclear whether it can be extended to the structures of the posterior fossa. Differential aging of the cerebellar vermis lobules has also been reported. [13, 14] In one study, however, an opposite pattern was observed, that is, a significant negative age trend was found for the anterior vermis. [15, 16] Several investigators have observed gender related differences in gross cerebellar neuroanatomy. Males were shown to have larger cerebella than those of age-matched females, although in these reports the possibility that these differences could have reflected sexual dimorphism of body size was not consistently ruled out.[14]Little is known regarding differences in the development of cerebellar compartments, despite their having important characteristics regarding function, anatomical connections with the cortex, and an important role in neurodevelopment disorders as mentioned by Ramnani et al, 2006.[17] An awareness of normal neuroanatomic variability is important for understanding pathologic changes. In regard to the posterior fossa structures, most of the researches record of in vivo studies are few and there is a need for normative data about the cerebellum .To the best of our knowledge, no Sudanese studies were obtained and included measurements of the same individuals in the axial, and sagittals of MR images as well , in this current prospective study, we examined age and gender related differences in the height , AP vermian width in