69 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018 W. M. Aizat et al. (eds.), Omics Applications for Systems Biology, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 1102, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98758-3_5 Chapter 5 Integrative Multi-Omics Through Bioinformatics Hoe-Han Goh Abstract This chapter introduces different aspects of bioinformatics with a brief discussion in the systems biology context. Example applications in network phar- macology of traditional Chinese medicine, systems metabolic engineering, and plant genome-scale modelling are described. Lastly, this chapter concludes on how bioinformatics helps to integrate omics data derived from various studies described in previous chapters for a holistic understanding of secondary metabolite produc- tion in P. minus. Keywords Genome-scale model · Omics integration · Multi-omics · Network analysis · Systems metabolic engineering 5.1 Introduction The overwhelming trend in omics studies relies heavily on bioinformatics to store, mine, process, analyse, interpret, and curate biological big data. Bioinformatics includes computer science, statistics, and mathematical methods, with computer programming for the analysis of various sequence data in molecular biology. The term bioinformatics was introduced in 1970 for the study of biosystems information processes, which has evolved into an interdisciplinary feld largely dealing with computational methods for comparative genomic data analysis since the late 1980s [1]. In general, bioinformatics refers to biological studies aided by computer pro- gramming apart from data analysis pipelines, especially in the feld of genomics such as that of illustrated in previous chapters. H.-H. Goh (*) Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Malaysia e-mail: gohhh@ukm.edu.my