EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND THROMBOLYTIC ACTIVITIES OF SCILLA HYACINTHINA, AN ENDANGERED MEDICINAL PLANT Original Article NARENDRANATH ALLURI a , RAVI B V b , HARSHA KUMARI a , LATHA P b , MALA MAJUMDAR a * a Center for Post Graduate Studies, Jain University, 18/3, 9 th main, 3 rd block, Jayanagar, Bangalore 560011, India, b Received: 25 Nov 2014 Revised and Accepted: 20 Dec 2014 Department of Biochemistry, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore 560070, India Email: malamajumdar51@gmail.com ABSTRACT Objective: Scilla hyacinthina (Roth) J. F. Macbr, an endangered medicinal plant (Liliaceae), was analysed for its in vitro antioxidant, anti- inflammatory and thrombolytic potential. Till date, there were no reports about the anti-inflammatory and thrombolytic potential of the plant. Methods: Leaves and bulbs of S. hyacinthina were extracted sequentially with methanol and water. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was studied using DPPH and ABTS ●+ Results: Preliminary screening revealed the presence of phenols, saponins, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, sterols, phlobatannins, alkaloids and flavonoids. methods. Anti-inflammatory effect and thrombolytic activity of the plant extracts were determined using protein denaturation (albumin) and clot disruption methods respectively. The methanolic leaf extracts exhibited significant bioactivities among all analysed extracts. The above extract exhibited considerable dose-dependent antioxidant activity for DPPH and ABTS ●+ , IC 50 values were 19.79±0.89µg/ml and 21.02±0.72µg/ml resectively. There was a positive correlation between the total phenolic content with DPPH in leaf extract (r 2 Conclusion: The present study promisingly revealed that S. hyacinthina may be an effective potential sources of novel antioxidant, anti- inflammatory and thrombolytic drugs. Further research is necessary to identify the bioactive compound(s) responsible for the above mentioned activities. =0.94). The methanolic leaf extract of the plant also exhibited concentration dependent inhibition of albumin denaturation with maximum inhibition of 60.42%±0.91 and was found to be significant (p<0.044) with diclofenac. Methanolic leaf extracts showed maximum clot lytic activity (40%±2.19) and was statistically significant (p<0.001), when compared with streptokinase. Keywords: S. hyacinthina, Endangered, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Thrombolytic. INTRODUCTION Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during physiological and biochemical processes in the human body. The imbalance between ROS and antioxidant defence mechanism leads to oxidative stress [1]. Oxidative stress causes dysfunction of the tissues and failure of hemostasis, leading to the range of disorders including cancer, arthritis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and ageing [2]. In cardiovascular disease, superoxide anion (O2 - The imbalance between prooxidants and antioxidants play a vital role for the development of atherosclerosis and has prompted the investigation of antioxidants as a possible therapy. Recently, potent antioxidants which are natural phytochemicals have gained attention and exhibited tremendous advantages in human health [4]. The antioxidants may indirectly inhibit platelet aggregation through scavenging of reactive oxygen species, many of which alter platelet function. Oxidative stress and inflammation are intimately linked with the onset of cardiovascular disease and acute coronary syndromes [5]. ) is an important source of oxidative stress which suppresses the activity of nitric oxide leading to the thrombus formation and activates the inflammatory responses [3]. Due to the inflammation in the blood vessels, the blood flow interrupts, leading to the increase in blood pressure and evolution of cardiovascular disease. The drugs which can scavenge ROS, inhibits inflammation and exhibit thrombolytic activities, may be the best choice for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Thrombolytic agents such as tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), Urokinase (UK), Streptokinase (SK) etc. are used all over the world for the treatment of atherothrombotic diseases. In India, though SK and UK are widely used due to lower cost [6, 7], as compared to other thrombolytic drugs, their use is associated with hyper risk of hemorrhage [8], severe anaphylactic reactions and lacks specificity. Because of the above shortcomings of the available thrombolytic drugs, attempts are made to develop drugs of natural origin which are considered as safe and economical. Scilla hyacinthina is an endangered perennial herb [9] from Liliaceae family with fibrous roots proceeding from the base of a large, tunicate, nearly globular bulb, 4 to 6 inches long and the outer scales are thin and papery, red or orange-brown in colour. This plant is grown in southern part of India and Africa. The previous study of this plant shows that it is used as a cardio tonic for cardio vascular diseases [10]. Therefore, in the present study we aim to investigate the antioxidant potential and anti-inflammatory activity along with the thrombolytic property of S. hyacinthina. According to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on anti-inflammatory and thrombolytic activities of this plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemicals and reagents 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl(DPPH), 2,2’-Azinobis-3-ethyl benzotia zoline-6-sulfonicacid (ABTS ●+ ), Gallic acid, Quercetin, Egg albumin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). Folin-Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent was obtained from Merck, Germany. All other chemicals used in the study were of analytical grade. The plant was collected from Bhata village, Sri Potti Sri Ramulu Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh, India and was authenticated by National Ayurveda Dietetics Research Institute, Bangalore with authentication numbers SMPU/NADRI/BNG/2012-13/616 for leaves and SMPU/NADRI/BNG/2012-13/617 for bulbs. The plant material was dried and powered. The dried samples were kept in air tight containers until further use. The powdered samples were extracted sequentially with methanol and water at 1:10 (w/v) Sample preparation and extraction procedure International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ISSN- 0975-1491 Vol 7, Supple 1, 2015 Innovare Academic Sciences