Educating the educators:
developing those who support learning for students
with additional learning needs
BENITA MCLACHLAN and GERALDINE DAVIS
This article reports findings from a research project
which developed and introduced the Enhanced Learn-
ing Support Assistant Programme (ELSAP) as a source
of professional development for learning support assis-
tants who were supporting students with additional
learning needs in a college of further education in
England. The purpose of this article is to share findings
from the project and to highlight the benefits experi-
enced when learning support assistants can participate
in professional development activity. The research
project was a mixed methods study with participants
drawn from learning support assistants within one
college of further education in England. Data were
collected throughout the 14-week intervention. Find-
ings indicate that the programme had a positive effect
on participants’ confidence, sense of professional iden-
tify and of being valued, as well as improving their
ability to perform their role.
Key words: learning support assistants, learning diffi-
culties and disabilities, professional development,
inclusive education.
Introduction and background
Social inclusion is a multidimensional concept explained by
Bronfenbrenner (2005) as an ecosystem which interlinks
theoretical stances with real-life situations or conditions, in
this case educational theory and practice with adult disabil-
ity education. The aim of social inclusion is to increase
opportunities for young people with disabilities to gain
employment, for example through vocational education and
training (Nilsson, 2010). Further education has a positive
role to play in social inclusion in the UK, including working
with young people with learning difficulties and disabilities
(LDD) to increase their prospects of finding employment
and participating meaningfully in society, for example by
becoming economically active. Thus inclusion can be
understood as social justice, in that the exclusion and
oppression of certain individuals are hopefully removed,
and difference is embraced (Daniels and Garner, 1999). Part
of the initiative towards inclusion is the employment of
learning support assistants (LSAs) working alongside lec-
turers to support learners with LDD accessing the vocational
curriculum. It is this element of the role of LSAs within the
vocational curriculum that is the focus of this research.
The role of these LSAs can be complex (Morgan, 2000),
with aspects of education and care mixed into their work.
The role of the LSA within a large college can be one of
‘emotional labour’ (Robson and Bailey, 2008, p. 1) with
‘burdensome workloads’ and ‘unrealistic expectations that
they will address all of their students’ needs’ (Robson and
Bailey, 2008, p. 16). However, our experience in working
with LSAs in a partner college to our university was that the
LSAs were often poorly equipped to deal with their roles in
inclusive educational settings and this finding is supported
elsewhere (Bailey and Robson, 2004; Robson and Bailey,
2008). The LSAs expressed that they felt the need for pro-
fessional development but they considered there was a lack
of appropriate training to prepare them for their roles sup-
porting learners. The LSAs specifically described some of
the stressful situations they found themselves in while
undertaking their roles. These experiences identified the
need for LSAs to be empowered to work with learners with
LDD, and it was this that triggered the research project
reported here.
Two examples from researcher field notes illustrate the
emotional stress that LSAs experience:
‘A was in tears today, she thought she misread the trig-
gers of her learner with Asperger’s Syndrome and failed
to keep him safe’.
‘B became visibly upset during our discussion tonight
when we were discussing strategies for supporting learn-
ers who are on the profound spectrum with regards to
their disability. She was explaining to others how the
suddenness of a learner who suffered an epileptic seizure
impacted on her personally and which in the future
may impact on her ability to make quick professional
SUPPORT IN FURTHER EDUCATION
© 2013 NASEN
DOI: 10.1111/1467-9604.12035