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COMPARISON OF FEAR OF COVID-19, FEAR OF LEAVING HOME,
AND ASPECTS OF WORKING ADULTS’ LIFE IN REGARD TO
GENDER AND WORKING PLACE
Hazalizah
Hamzah
1+
Asma Perveen
2
Fatanah Ramlee
3
Azizah Othman
4
Masyitah Minhad
5
1,2,3
Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia.
1
Email: hazalizah@fpm.upsi.edu.my Tel: +60136137991
2
Email: asmaperveen@fpm.upsi.edu.my Tel +6011-35542399
3
Email: fatanah@fpm.upsi.edu.my Tel: +6019-6152349
4
Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia.
4
Email: azeezah@usm.my Tel: +6019-9555690
5
Ministry of Health, Malaysia.
5
Email: syifa8371@gmail.com Tel: +6019-2293967
(+ Corresponding author)
ABSTRACT
Article History
Received: 19 April 2022
Revised: 24 June 2022
Accepted: 8 July 2022
Published: 1 August 2022
Keywords
COVID-19
Pandemic
Working adults
Gender
Working place
Fear.
This study investigated differences related to fear of COVID-19, fear to leave home and ten
aspects of working adults’ life between genders and working places. 455 working adults in
Malaysia participated in the online survey through convenience sampling technique. The results
showed that the main effect for gender was significant (Wilks’ Λ = 0.88, F(2, 375) = 4.10, p = 0.001,
multivariate η2 = 0.12.), indicating that fear of COVID-19, fear of leaving home, and aspects of
working adults’ life tests differ for males and females. Moreover, the results showed that the main
effect for working place was significant (Wilks’ Λ = 0.94, F(2, 375) = 1.81, p = 0.045, multivariate
η2 = 0.06) but the interaction of gender and working place was not significant. Furthermore,
individuals working from home reported higher fear to leave home and more severe effect on
occupational aspect than those who worked at the workplace.
Contribution/ Originality: This study explained how working adults’ life were affected by the COVID-19
pandemic during the second phase of Movement Control Order in Malaysia. Since the pandemic has taken place for
more than two years, the recovering process might take a long time. Findings from this study provides directions
for employers in looking into the mental health care and well-being issues among workers particularly during the
current post-pandemic period.
1. INTRODUCTION
Ever since the viral pneumonia cases were reported in Wuhan, panic and anxiety were gradually increasing
within the global community. The disease is easily transmitted from person-to-person with less-severe to severe
illnesses which unfortunately could cause death. Due to the nature of the disease, COVID-19 was starting to spread
at an alarming rate due to international travelling. As a result, the situation was causing anxiety among worldwide
community and calling for critical actions by the government to prevent infections and save lives while minimizing
the impact in various aspects including the health, economy and education. On March 2020, the number of cases in
Malaysia were starting to rise at an alarming rate (Barker, 2020). The Malaysian Institute of Economic Research
(MIER) estimated the cases to increase at a rate of 12.5% per day but the actual increase is 7.5% per day (Latiff,
2020). In order to flatten the curve of infected cases in Malaysia, the government has imposed several types of
Movement Control Order (MCO) depending on the spread pattern of the infectious disease at particular areas.
International Journal of Asian Social Science
ISSN(e): 2224-4441
ISSN(p): 2226-5139
DOI: 10.55493/5007.v12i8.4559
Vol. 12, No. 8, 281-291.
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