Volume 6 • Issue 1 • 1000190 J Med Surg Pathol, Vol.6 Iss.1 No:190 OPEN ACCESS Freely available online Journal of Medical & Surgical Pathology Review Article Correspondence to: Sudha Jimson, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India, Tel: +919894614818; E-mail: omfpsudhajim@gmal.com Received: December 09, 2020, Accepted: December 24, 2020, Published: December 31, 2020 Citation: Jimson S, Jimson S, Bhanumurthy L, Amaladas J, Padmavathy K (2020) Ameloblastoma: A Review and Latest Trends. J Med Surg Pathol. 6.190. Copyright: © 2020 Jimson S, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. INTRODUCTION Adult Odontogenic tumours are distinctly classified based on the histological origin of the tumours and are presented with various radiological and histopathological variants which are either benign or malignant. Ameloblastoma, a benign odontogenic tumour of epithelial origin, presents with different radiological variants and unique histopathological patterns. WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumours, 2017 defines ameloblastoma as benign intraosseous progressively growing epithelial odontogenic neoplasm characterised by expansion and a tendency for local recurrence if not adequately removed. The peak incidence of diagnosis is usually seen in the fourth and fifth decade of life with an age range of 8-92 years with no sex predilection; the mean age of diagnosis is 30 years. WHO also reports the annual incidence of only 0.5 cases per million populations [1]. Although considered to be rare; ameloblastoma is the most common odontogenic tumour excluding odontoma. There is a varied global prevalence; reported as the most common benign odontogenic tumour in China and Africa [2], reporting a five-fold increased risk of disease among Africans and Americans when compared to Caucasians [3]. Clinically, early stage present with slow, painless growing swelling and sometimes are diagnosed incidentally on radiographic findings. Commonly seen in the ramus or the body of the mandible; and radiologically observed as unilocular, multilobular or multilocular. The benign tumour on histological observation reveals four patterns: solid multicystic, extraosseous/ peripheral, desmoplastic and unicystic [4,5]. This clinical narrative review discusses in details the currently available literature on the clinicopathological features, radiological diagnostic evaluation and surgical management of ameloblastoma. Also, it discusses various adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy available for the management of ameloblastoma. Currently, there are no established treatment algorithms, staging system, and there is a lack of prospective studies or randomised control trials that may help to compare the various treatment outcomes. This narrative review aims to address recent updates on clinical, surgical management, adjuvant therapies with relevance to clinico-pathological and radiological features and also molecular aspects about the management of ameloblastoma. THE DIAGNOSTIC CLINICAL APPROACH IN AMELOBLASTOMA The patient usually presents with a painless slow growing expansion ABSTRACT WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumours (2017) defines Ameloblastoma as benign intraosseous progressively growing epithelial odontogenic neoplasm characterized by expansion and a tendency for local recurrence if not adequately removed. It reports annual incidence of about 0.5 cases per million populations but it is considered to be the most common odontogenic tumour next to odontoma with a varied global prevalence. Although, there are several researches, reports and reviews on ameloblastoma; our review discusses the recent updates with emphasize on molecular pathobiology of ameloblastoma and also revolves around the controversies on radical vs. conservative management with updates on chemotherapeutic management. This scenario suggested us to clarify the prospects in management of ameloblastoma with the available scientific literature. Our narrative review aims to address recent updates on clinical, surgical management, adjuvant therapies with relevance to clinico-pathological and radiological features and also molecular aspects in relation to management of ameloblastoma. Keywords: Ameloblastoma; Radiology; Surgical management; Malignant; Tumours; Odontogenic Ameloblastoma: A Review and Latest Trends Sudha Jimson 1* , Samson Jimson 2 , Lokesh Bhanumurthy 2 , Julius Amaladas 3 , Kesavaram Padmavathy 4 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India; 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India; 3 Department of Biochemistry, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India; 4 Department of Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College, Chennai, India