International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology, 2022, 11, 12-21
https://www.scirp.org/journal/ijmpcero
ISSN Online: 2168-5444
ISSN Print: 2168-5436
DOI: 10.4236/ijmpcero.2022.111002 Jan. 24, 2022 12 Int. J. Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology
Dosimetric Effects of Thermoplastic
Immobilizing Devices on Surface Dose
Olivia Adu-Poku
1,2*
, Eric Kotei Addison
1,2
, Cyril Schandorf
3
, Francis Hasford
3
, Stephen Inkoom
3,4
,
Joseph Adom
1,2
, Akosah Kingsley
2
, Eunice Arthur
2
, Linus Owusu-Agyapong
2
1
Department of Physics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
2
Department of Medical Physics, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Oncology Directorate, Kumasi, Ghana
3
Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
4
Radiation Protection Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana
Abstract
Thermoplastic immobilizing masks have dosimetric effects on the patient’s
skin dose. The thermoplastic percentage depth dose (PDD), equivalent thick-
ness of water for the masks and surface doses were determined. The surface
dose factors due to the thermoplastic mask was found to be 1.7949, 1.9456,
2.0563, 2.1967, 2.3827, 2.5459 and 2.6565 for field sizes of 5 × 5, 8 × 8, 10 × 10,
12 × 12, 15 × 15, 18 × 18 and 20 × 20 cm
2
respectively which shifted the per-
centage depth dose curve to lower values. The physical thermoplastic thickness
was measured to be between 2.30 and 1.80 mm, and the equivalent thicknesses
of water, d
e
, were determined to be between 1.2 and 1.00 mm. This meant that,
as the mask thickness decreased, its water equivalent thickness also decreased.
The presence of the mask material increased the skin dose to a factor of 1%.
The thermoplastic mask factor was also found to be 0.99.
Keywords
Thermoplastic Mask, Percentage Depth Dose, Equivalent Thickness of Water,
Skin Dose
1. Introduction
Thermoplastics are organic materials which are ductile in nature. They can be
formed after softening and retain their final shape when cooled. The chemistry
of thermoplastics is comparable to that of rubber, while the strength is similar to
aluminium. They are light in weight with densities ranging from 0.9 to 2 g/cm
3
.
These properties, along with their low cost make them appropriate for several
How to cite this paper: Adu-Poku, O., Addi-
son, E.K., Schandorf, C., Hasford, F., Inkoom,
S., Adom, J., Kingsley, A., Arthur, E. and O-
wusu-Agyapong, L. (2022) Dosimetric Effects
of Thermoplastic Immobilizing Devices on
Surface Dose. International Journal of Medi-
cal Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radia-
tion Oncology, 11, 12-21.
https://doi.org/10.4236/ijmpcero.2022.111002
Received: June 1, 2020
Accepted: January 21, 2022
Published: January 24, 2022
Copyright © 2022 by author(s) and
Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution International
License (CC BY 4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Open Access