Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/agee The potential of diferent semi-natural habitats to sustain pollinators and natural enemies in European agricultural landscapes Agustín M. Bartual a,1 , Louis Sutter b,1 , Gionata Bocci a , Anna-Camilla Moonen a , James Cresswell c , Martin Entling d , Brice Gifard e , Katja Jacot b , Philippe Jeanneret b , John Holland f , Sonja Pfster d , Orsolya Pintér g , Eve Veromann h , Karin Winkler i , Matthias Albrecht b, ⁎ a Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Institute of Life Sciences, Via Santa Cecilia 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy b Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046, Zurich, Switzerland c Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter, EX4 4PS, UK d University of Koblenz-Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Fortstraße 9, 76829 Landau, Germany e Bordeaux Sciences Agro, University of Bordeaux, 1, Cours du Général de Gaulle CS 40201, 33175, Gradignan Cedex, France f Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust, Fordingbridge, SP6 1 EF, UK g Szent István University, Plant Protection Institute, Páter K. street 1, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary h Estonian University of Life sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014, Tartu, Estonia i Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 200, 6670, AE Zetten, the Netherlands ARTICLE INFO Keywords: Bees Biodiversity conservation Conservation biological control Natural enemies Pollinators Semi-natural habitat management Agroecology Integrated pest management ABSTRACT Semi-natural habitats (SNH) are vital to sustain pollinators and natural enemies, and the ecosystem services they provide in agroecosystems. However, little is known about the relative importance of diferent SNH types and their vegetation traits for pollinators and natural enemies. Yet, such knowledge is essential for efective habitat management to promote both functional arthropod groups and associated multiple ecosystem services. We quantifed vegetation traits and abundances of pollinators (bees) and natural enemies (predatory fies and parasitic wasps) in 217 SNH difering in type (woody or herbaceous) and shape (linear or areal habitats), for edge and interior locations within each SNH patch with respect to adjacent crops, across 62 agricultural land- scapes in four European countries. Pollinators and natural enemies responded distinctively to major SNH types and within-habitat location of SNH: abundance of natural enemies (predatory fies and parasitic wasps) was higher along woody habitat edges than herbaceous SNH or the interior of woody habitats. In contrast, bee abundances, especially of honey bees, were generally higher in areal herbaceous compared to woody SNH. Abundances of both wild bees and managed honey bees were lowest for the interior sampling location in areal woody habitats. These fndings refected divergent key vegetation traits driving pollinator and natural enemy abundances across SNH: bee pollinators increased with herbaceous plant cover and were well predicted by SNH type and the foral abundance of identifed key plant trait groups. In contrast, foral abundances of these plant groups were poor predictors of the studied natural enemies, which were better predicted by SNH type and sampling location within SNH. Our fndings stress the need to move beyond the simplistic pooling of SNH types and highlight the importance of considering their vegetation traits to more reliably predict pollinators and natural enemies in agroecosystems. They suggest that the foral abundance of key groups of fowering plants is crucial for habitat management to promote bee pollinators, while vegetation-structural traits appear more im- portant for predatory fies and parasitoids. The distinct importance of diferent SNH types and associated ve- getation traits for pollinators and natural enemies calls for agroecosystem management ensuring diverse SNH with complementary vegetation traits to concomitantly foster pollination and pest control services. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2019.04.009 Received 6 July 2018; Received in revised form 15 March 2019; Accepted 3 April 2019 ⁎ Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: am.bartual@gmail.com (A.M. Bartual), louis.sutter@agroscope.admin.ch (L. Sutter), boccigionata@gmail.com (G. Bocci), c.moonen@santannapisa.it (A.-C. Moonen), J.E.Cresswell@exeter.ac.uk (J. Cresswell), entling@uni-landau.de (M. Entling), brice.gifard@gmail.com (B. Gifard), katja.jacot@agroscope.admin.ch (K. Jacot), philippe.jeanneret@agroscope.admin.ch (P. Jeanneret), jholland@gwct.org.uk (J. Holland), pfster@uni-landau.de (S. Pfster), Pinter.Orsolya@mkk.szie.hu (O. Pintér), Eve.Veromann@emu.ee (E. Veromann), karin.winkler@wur.nl (K. Winkler), matthias.albrecht@agroscope.admin.ch (M. Albrecht). 1 Contributed equally. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 279 (2019) 43–52 0167-8809/ © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. T