Indian Journal of Forensic and Community Medicine 2023;10(2):99–101
Content available at: https://www.ipinnovative.com/open-access-journals
Indian Journal of Forensic and Community Medicine
Journal homepage: https://www.ijfcm.org/
Short Communication
Economic parameter of modified Kuppuswamy socioeconomic status scale for the
year 2023
Shifana Ayoub
1,
*, Rameez Raja
2
1
Dept. of Community Medicine, Government Medical College Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
2
Dept. of Commerce & Management Studies, Government Degree College For Women, Anantnag, Jammu & Kashmir, India
ARTICLE INFO
Article history:
Received 05-05-2023
Accepted 04-07-2023
Available online 25-07-2023
Keywords:
Social class
Family
Income
Occupation
Education
Consumer price index
ABSTRACT
Socioeconomic status SES is one of the most important indicators to consider when assessing a family’s
health and nutritional status. It is a position that any person can achieve within a hierarchical social
framework. Academicians and medical researchers have made several attempts in the past to create a
collection of composite indices to assess an individual’s or a family’s socioeconomic status (SES) whether
they reside in a rural or urban location. The Hollingshead, Nakao, and Treas, Blishen, Carroll, and Moore,
Tiwari, Kumar, and Agarwal, Jalota, and Kuppuswamy scales are a few of the notable scales. The scales
have several factors that account for information about a person or a family. Among all the SES, the
most widely used scale in India is ‘The Modified Kuppuswamy SES’. Based on the total score of the
Kuppuswamy scale, which ranges from 3-29, families are categorized into five classes, from upper class to
lower class. Owing to constraints, the Kuppuswamy SES requires frequent updates for income levels that
are dependent on shifting consumer price index (CPI) values, making the scale susceptible to changes over
time. This paper aims to update and provide an “Updated Modified Kuppuswamy SES" for the year 2023.
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1. Introduction
The term socioeconomic status (SES) refers to the position
that a person or family has in relation to the community’s
typical standards for cultural and material goods, income,
and involvement in social activities.
1
It is a crucial factor
in determining an individual’s nutritional status, mortality,
and morbidity since it affects the cost, acceptability,
accessibility, and use of medical facilities. The disparities
between socioeconomic position (SES) and health status
follow a gradient, or a step-by-step pattern, between where
one sits in an SES hierarchy and most health outcomes.
Even though not all health issues are correlated with
socioeconomic class (a few diseases are more common in
higher SES groups than in lower SES groups), the tendency
* Corresponding author.
E-mail address: shifanaayoub94@gmail.com (S. Ayoub).
is persistent throughout time and is evident in both men and
women of all ages across countries. However, recent studies
have demonstrated that health disparities accumulate over
a lifetime and have an impact on health at every stage of
life. Poor social and economic circumstances early in life
have a long-term effect on health.
2
Several socioeconomic
status scales have been proposed in India for both urban
and rural areas. The noteworthy include the Rahudkar scale
(1960); B.J. Prasad (1961); Udai Parikh (1964); Jalota scale
(1970); Kulshreshta scale (1972); Modified Kuppuswamy
scale (1976); Shrivastava scale (1978); Bhardwaj scale
(2001) & O. P. Aggarwal (2005).
3
The criteria that are
most frequently utilized in these scales are total income,
educational achievement, and occupation. In India, the most
well-known and extensively used scale for determining the
socioeconomic status of an individual or a family in urban
areas is the "Modified Kuppuswamy SES Scale".
4
https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2023.017
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