ORIGINAL ARTICLE e-ISSN: 2349-0659 p-ISSN; 2350-0964
Malnutrition and Anemia: A Health Burden among Tea Garden
Workers in West Tripura District, Tripura, India
Suman K. Nath
1
, Asankur S. Das
1
, Sutapa Data
1
, Wankupar Wankhar
2
*
A BSTRACT
Introduction: The tea garden workers are an underestimated group of our society and are considered to be the most nutritionally vulnerable
community. This study was undertaken to study the nutritional status of the male and female tea garden workers of West Tripura district,
Tripura, India. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 409 tea garden workers including both sexes (males: 197; females: 212) of
age group 18–60 years were selected. A questionnaire for on-ground data collection was administered along with the assessment of
dietary intake and dietary quality, anthropometric data measurements, physiological measurements, hematological and biochemical
estimation. Results: Most of the workers were vegetarian, and about two-thirds of the participants consumed two meals per day. None
of the subjects was in the habit of taking packed lunch in routine, and maximum respondents (males: 84.26%; female: 83.96%) were in the
habit of keeping fast. Skipping meals was also common in a vast number of the participants (males: 83.24%; females: 84.90%). A maximum
number of participants complained of anorexia, headache, breathlessness on exertion, lethargic feeling, pale conjunctiva, pale skin, and
fat nails. A very high prevalence of anemia (males: 94.91%; females: 99.04%) was observed among the workers. The present study also
revealed dietary inadequacies, particularly regarding protein, energy, calcium, and all micronutrients (iron, β-carotene, folic acid) except
vitamin C. A positive signifcant (P < 0.05) correlation was observed between hemoglobin and various daily dietary intakes of blood-forming
nutrients. Conclusion: The present study reveals the prevalence of anemia among tea garden workers, especially female workers. Nutritional
insufciency might be one of the important factors in this process. This study suggests that a comprehensive public health policy should be
developed so that the tea garden workers’ health and nutritional needs can be addressed.
Keywords: Anemia, Diet quality, Nutrient adequacy ratio, Nutrient intake, Tea garden workers
Asian Pac. J. Health Sci., (2022); DOI: 10.21276/apjhs.2022.9.1.40
©2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/
licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
I NTRODUCTION
India is the second-largest producer of tea plantations in the
world and the biggest consumer of tea. In India, the tea industry
occupies a prime position. It holds considerable potential for
economic development, as it earns substantial foreign exchange
and provides employment to a large number of unskilled laborers
in India.
[1]
The tea sector of India provides a massive scale of
employment with production concentrated primarily in West
Bengal, north-eastern states, and to a lesser extent in the southern
states such as Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Assam, West Bengal, Kerala,
and Tamil Nadu produce the most signifcant production of tea
in India.
[2]
Tripura has a history of tea plantations since back to
1916. Tripura is one of the famous tea-growing states. About 54
tea estates, 21 tea processing factories, and more than 4000 small
tea growers are available in Tripura. Approximately, 9 million kg
of tea is produced in a year, and Tripura achieved the 5
th
largest
among the 16-tea producing states in India.
[3]
Tea is additionally a
crucial agro-industry of Tripura, which contributes immensely to
the state’s economy.
It is well known that the health and socioeconomic status
of the worker of any industry is one of the crucial factors for its
productivity, development, and growth. As per the report, the
majority of the tea garden workers belong to tribal communities
from diferent states of India. The workers were brought to the
diferent tea estates as forced labor during the colonial period of
India.
[2]
Due to traditional socio-cultural and low literacy levels, the
tribal populations generally have poor nutritional status. Hence, it
is expected that the prevalence of malnutrition may be found in
the tea garden workers of the North-Eastern states. Several reports
support this postulation.
[4,5]
High magnitude of undernutrition
and infectious diseases among the tea garden population of
1
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Tripura Institute of
Paramedical Sciences, Tripura, India.
2
Department of Dialysis, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Assam Down
Town University, Assam, India.
Corresponding Author: Dr. Wankupar Wankhar, Faculty of Paramedical
Sciences, Assam Down Town University, Gandhi Nagar, Panikhaiti,
Guwahati, Assam - 781 026, India. E-mail: wankuparwankhar@gmail.com
How to cite this article: Nath SK, Das AS, Datta S, Wankhar W. Malnutrition
and Anemia: A Health Burden among Tea Garden Workers in West
Tripura District, Tripura, India. Asian Pac. J. Health Sci., 2022;9(1):255-262.
Source of support: Nil
Conficts of interest: None.
Received: 28/10/2021 Revised: 19/11/2021 Accepted: 03/12/2021
Assam was reported by Medhi et al.
[6]
Nutritional problems like
being underweight among children, thinness among adults, and
micronutrient defciency disorders like anemia were widespread.
Another report by Deka
[7]
revealed that tribal populations working
in the tea industry are afected by various social, economic,
and developmental constraints that expose them to diferent
types of health problems and high rates of malnutrition. Several
studies have revealed that tea garden workers are suspected of
various diseases such as communicable and non-communicable
diseases.
[8]
Malnutrition in tea garden workers is also common due
to unhygienic living conditions, overcrowded residentials, poor
socioeconomic conditions, and illiteracy. In a study conducted
by Sengupta and Sahoo
[9]
on male tea garden workers in the year
2014, malnutrition was found in the majority of workers. In 2017,