Copyright © 2021, Desimal, Print ISSN: 2613-9073, Online ISSN: 2613-9081
Desimal: Jurnal Matematika Vol 4 No 1 (2021) 79-92
Contents lists available at DJM
DESIMAL: JURNAL MATEMATIKA
p-ISSN: 2613-9073 (print), e-ISSN: 2613-9081 (online), DOI 10.24042/djm
http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/desimal/index
El nino index prediction model using quantile mapping approach
on sea surface temperature data
Sri Nurdiati
*
, Elis Khatizah, Mohamad Khoirun Najib, Linda Leni Fatmawati
IPB University, Indonesia
ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
Article History
Received : 25-11-2020
Revised : 08-03-2021
Accepted : 23-03-2021
Published : 27-03-2021
Keywords:
ECMWF, El Nino Index, Quantile
Mapping, Statistical Bias Correction.
*Correspondence: E-mail:
nurdiati@apps.ipb.ac.id
Doi:
10.24042/djm.v4i1.7595
El Nino is a global climate phenomenon caused by the warming of sea
surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific Ocean. El Nino has a
powerful effect on the intensity of rainfall in several areas in
Indonesia. El Nino impacts can be minimized by predicting the El
Nino index from the sea surface temperature in the Nino 3.4 area.
Therefore, many researchers have tried to predict sea surface
temperature, and many prediction data are available, one of which is
ECMWF. But, in reality, the ECMWF data still contains systematic
errors or bias towards the observations. Consequently, El Nino
predictions using ECMWF data are less accurate. For that reason, this
study aims to correct the ECMWF data in the Nino 3.4 area using
statistical bias correction with a quantile mapping approach. This
method uses ECMWF data from 1983-2012 as training data and
2013-2018 as testing data. For this case, the results showed that 60%
of El Nino's predictions on the testing data had improved the mean
value. Also, all of El Nino's predictions on the testing data have
improved the standard deviation value. Moreover, data testing's
expected error can be corrected for all months in the 1st to 4th lead
times. But, in the 5th to 7th lead times, only November-June can be
corrected.
http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/desimal/index
INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is a country with a lot of natural
resources. But, the environmental damage
in Indonesia is relatively high. One of them
is caused by climate change. Climate
change is already having visible effects on
the world. The Earth is warming, rainfall
patterns are changing, and sea levels are
rising. These changes can increase the risk
of floods, droughts, heatwaves, and fires.
Indonesia's climate conditions are
influenced by conditions of sea surface
temperature, both in the Pacific and Indian
Ocean (including local SST in Indonesian
seas) (Aldrian & Susanto, 2003). The
climatic conditions in the Pacific Ocean are
known as El Nino Southern Oscillation
(ENSO), and the climatic conditions in the
Indian Ocean are known as Indian Ocean
Dipole (IOD).