Research Article
Analytical Design and Optimization of an Automotive
Rubber Bushing
Jonathan Rivas-Torres,
1
Juan C. Tudon-Martinez ,
1
Jorge de-J. Lozoya-Santos,
2
Ricardo A. Ramirez-Mendoza,
2
and Andrea Spaggiari
3
1
Universidad de Monterrey, Ignacio Morones Prieto 4500, Jes´ us M. Garza, 66238 San Pedro Garza Garc´ ıa, NL, Mexico
2
Tecnol´ ogico de Monterrey, Av. E. Garza Sada, Col. Tecnol´ ogico, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
3
Universit` a degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Giovanni Amendola, 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
Correspondence should be addressed to Juan C. Tudon-Martinez; juan.tudon@udem.edu
Received 6 November 2018; Revised 3 February 2019; Accepted 20 February 2019; Published 26 March 2019
Academic Editor: Jussi Sopanen
Copyright © 2019 Jonathan Rivas-Torres et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
e ride comfort, driving safety, and handling of the vehicle should be designed and tuned to achieve the expectations defined in
the company’s design. e ideal method of tuning the characteristics of the vehicle is to modify the bushings and mounts used in
the chassis system. To deal with the noise, vibration and harshness on automobiles, elastomeric materials in mounts and bushings
are determinant in the automotive components design, particularly those related to the suspension system. For most designs,
stiffness is a key design parameter. Determination of stiffness is often necessary in order to ensure that excessive forces or
deflections do not occur. Many companies use trial and error method to meet the requirements of stiffness curves. Optimization
algorithms are an effective solution to this type of design problems. is paper presents a simulation-based methodology to design
an automotive bushing with specific characteristic curves. Using an optimum design formulation, a mathematical model is
proposed to design and then optimize structural parameters using a genetic algorithm. To validate the resulting data, a finite
element analysis (FEA) is carried out with the optimized values. At the end, results between optimization, FEA, and characteristic
curves are compared and discussed to establish the correlation among them.
1.Introduction
Bushings are used in the automotive industry to improve
ride comfort, safety, and handling. With the continued
development of chassis dynamics, the ability of the sus-
pension to execute precisely defined movements in response
to applied forces has become more important. Chassis dy-
namics engineers require that suspension components ex-
ecute precisely specified movements in many different
directions. e required force-displacement behaviors lead
to increased expectations for the design of the bushings. In
order to achieve the current level of noise attenuation,
rubber bushings and mounts have been used to solve a
number of conflicts between the requirements for vehicle
handling and cabin acoustics. e high-frequency charac-
teristics of the rubber-metal components themselves are
dependent not only on the properties of the materials but
also on the geometries and assembly techniques used [1].
During the vehicle development process, optimization of the
rubber products is also needed to have target stiffness curves
[2]. Design objectives usually include structural weight and
cost [3].
Ride comfort and harshness performance of the vehicle
can be improved by optimizing the characteristics of the
suspension system components [4]. ere is some related
work that can be found in the literature about optimizing
techniques in automotive applications, specifically in sus-
pension components. Kaya [2] performed an optimization
ofshapeofarubberbushingusingaPascalcodebasedonthe
differential evolution algorithm. is method is particularly
suited where there is no relationship between the objective
function and the design variables. Kaldas et al. [4] developed
an optimization technique to improve vehicle ride comfort
and harshness using a genetic algorithm to determine the
Hindawi
Shock and Vibration
Volume 2019, Article ID 1873958, 13 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1873958