journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials xxx (xxxx) xxx Please cite this article as: Shaik Akbar Basha, journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104178 Available online 28 October 2020 1751-6161/© 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Tailor-made design, fabrication and validation of SrO doped nanostructured ZTA ceramic Femoral head – Acetabular socket liner assembly Shaik Akbar Basha a , Ashish Kumar Agrawal b , Debasish Sarkar a, c, * a Department of Ceramic Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India b Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India c Center for Nanomaterials, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India A R T I C L E INFO Keywords: Femoral head Acetabular socket liner Uniaxial pressing CMM 3D profle Micro-CT Burst strength Product validation ABSTRACT An established commercial grade SrO doped ZTA composition has been considered to design, fabrication through uniaxial pressing followed by sintering and polishing, validation of dimension, 3D surface profle, 3D micro- structure, and compressive load bearing capacity of femoral head – acetabular socket liner prototypes for the hip prosthesis. While design and dimensions are concerned, both the steel (HRC60) molds were designed and machined to achieve precious dimensions of femoral head (FH; OD – 30 ± 0.01 mm) and acetabular socket liner (ASL; ID – 30.15 ± 0.01 mm). A close variation in the range of ±0.01 mm was confrmed the precision geometry of polished FH and ASL with consideration of 22 points coordinate measuring method (CMM). 3D surface profle ensures the surface characteristics of R a = 0.2 ± 0.01 μm and R q = 0.5 ± 0.01 μm for outer surface of FH and an inner surface of ASL, respectively. Structure integrity and fabrication defects including cracks and pores free bulk structures were confrmed by Micro CT. The compressive load resistance known as burst strength for independent FH and FH-ASL assembly were measured 16.2 KN and 17.6 KN, respectively. The developed ceramic prototypes have an economic advantage and can be adopted as artifcial hip prosthesis after extensive in-vitro and in-vivo analysis. 1. Introduction The hip joint has to bear the human body weight and need to be fexible while performing daily activities sitting, standing, walking, and running. The convex femoral head (ball) and concave acetabular cup (socket) make a ball and socket joint from an engineering perspective. Total hip replacement (THR) is a surgical procedure used to replace the damaged or osteoarthritis failure of the hip joint. In Germany alone, 200,000 THR performed each year (Bergmann et al., 2016), the number of hip replacement surgery increasing due to unhealthy food habits and neglecting health care, thus huge demand in the development of new materials with less wear rates. The THR consist of the mainly femoral stem, femoral head, acetabular socket liner, and acetabular socket (Abraham et al., 2013). The femoral stem and acetabular socket are usually made of metals, and fxed to femoral bone and acetabulum bone. The femoral head (FH) and acetabular socket liner (ASL) make contact and form a ball bearing. The hip joint bearings are mainly classifed as metal-on-polyethylene (MoP), metal-on-metal (MoM), ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC), and ceramic-on-polyethylene (CoP). The proper selection of material with excellent mechanical and tribological properties are essential to achieve a maximum life expectancy of the joint (Affatato et al., 2016) (Merola and Affatato, 2019). The usage of CoCr alloys in FH and ASL in hip implants leads to the release of metal ions in bloodstream and urine, and the generated wear debris causes failure of joint (Daniel et al., 2006). UHMWPE wear debris induce osteolysis, and aseptic loosening leads to implant failure (Ingham and Fisher, 2005). In this perspective, the ceramic materials have unique properties during compression and wear. The alumina and zirconia composites are considering bio-inert ma- terials for orthopedic implants. Alumina considers as biocompatible, high hardness, fracture toughness, and wear resistance (Affatato et al., 2001) (Affatatoet al., 2006) (Affatato et al., 2012). Yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia (YSZ) contributes to increasing fracture toughness due to phase transformation toughening (conversion of tetragonal to * Corresponding author.Department of Ceramic Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India. E-mail address: dsarkar@nitrkl.ac.in (D. Sarkar). Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jmbbm https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104178 Received 1 September 2020; Received in revised form 21 October 2020; Accepted 23 October 2020