Curr Pediatr Res 2017; 21 (1): 172-180 ISSN 0971-9032 www.currentpediatrics.com Curr Pediatr Res 2017 Volume 21 Issue 1 172 is an indicator of one’s counties health status as well as economic conditions [5]. Malnutrition among children is a critical problem because its effects are long lasting and go beyond childhood. It has both short and long term consequences [6,7]. Malnutrition especially under fve still devastating problems in developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia [8]. Stunting, wasting, and underweight are among those anthropometric indicators are commonly used to measure malnutrition of under fve children. Underweight (low weight-for-age) refects both low height-for-age and low weight-for-age and therefore refects both cumulative and acute exposures of malnutrition [9]. Ethiopia has a high prevalence of Acute and chronic malnutrition, with almost half of Malnutrition and associated factors among under fve children (6-59 Months) At Shashemene Referral Hospital, West Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Zemenu Yohannes Kassa, Tsigereda Behailu, Alemu Mekonnen, Mesfne Teshome, Sintayehu Yeshitila Hawassa University, College of Medicine and Health sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hawassa, South Ethiopia Background: Malnutrition is alarmingly decreasing the two-decade, but still major public health problems in the world, especially in developing countries, include Ethiopia. Stunning and wasting rates are dropping, but 159 million and 50 million children around the world still affected respectively. Malnutrition in Ethiopia in the form of stunting, underweight and wasting were as 44%, 29% and 10% and Oromia national region state 44.1%, 39.6% and 12.5%, respectively under fve children. Objective: the aim of this study is to assess magnitude of malnutrition and associated factors among under-fve children in Shashamene Referral Hospital, Oromia Ethiopia, 2016. Method: Facility based cross-sectional design was conducted. Systematic random sampling technique was used. After data collection SPSS 20.0 was employed for data entry, organize and analysis. Odd ratio and p value were computed to identify the presence and strength of association and <0.05 stastical signifcance was declared. Results: The magnitude of stunting, underweight and wasting were about 38.3%, 49.2% and 25.2 %, respectively. Educational status of mother and child age was signifcantly associated with stunting. Complementary food was associated with underweight and occupation of mother was associated with wasting. Conclusion and recommendation: This study revealed that malnutrition was high than the regional and national fgures found from Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey 2011. Community based nutrition program need to be established to tackle the problem of malnutrition at community level depending on the severity of malnutrition identifed in this study. Nutrition education by health extension works need to be strengthening to improving the feeding practice of parents on appropriate children feeding. Abstract Introduction Malnutrition is alarmingly decreasing the two-decade, but still major public health problems in the world, especially in developing countries, include Ethiopia. Stunning and wasting rates are dropping but 159 million and 50 million children around the world still affected respectively [1]. Malnutrition is attributed one third of under-fve death in the frst fve years of live, which is preventable by economic growth [2]. Globally, one out of every 13 children were wasted, which is 16 million children were severely wasted [1].Children malnutrition affects academic performance, physical and mental development throughout their lives [2,4]. Under-fve malnutrition Keywords: Malnutrition, Under-fve in Ethiopia. Accepted January 31, 2017