Research Article Psychological Effects of Hands-On Training Using Public Transportation among Inpatients with Physical Disabilities: Analysis of the Self-Efficacy and Perception of Occupational Enablement Using a Multimethod Design Masahiro Ogawa , 1 Yoriko Hayashi, 2 Tatsunori Sawada, 3 Mizuki Kobashi, 4 and Hitoshi Tanimukai 5 1 Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan 2 Department of Rehabilitation, IMS Itabashi Rehabilitation Hospital, Tokyo, Japan 3 School of Health Sciences, Tokyo University of Technology, Tokyo, Japan 4 Department of Rehabilitation, Kyoto Hakuaikai Hospital, Kyoto, Japan 5 Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Correspondence should be addressed to Masahiro Ogawa; mogawa@reha.kobegakuin.ac.jp Received 16 March 2020; Revised 8 September 2020; Accepted 12 December 2020; Published 30 December 2020 Academic Editor: Claudia Hilton Copyright © 2020 Masahiro Ogawa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Introduction. This study is aimed at understanding how practicing the use of public transportation can affect the self-efficacy and perceptions of occupational enablement among patients with physical disabilities in a recovery rehabilitation hospital. Method. We recruited 21 inpatients with physical disabilities caused by stroke or orthopedic diseases from a recovery rehabilitation hospital in Japan and used a multimethod design including an intervention study and a follow-up survey. The intervention study utilized a before-after trial and provided hands-on training in the use of public transportation as the intervention. How self-efficacy and perceptions of occupational enablement changed before and after the intervention was measured using the visual analog scale (VAS). The follow-up survey was conducted to investigate whether patients used public transportation postdischarge. Results. Only differences in the VAS scores regarding self-efficacy were significant between before and after the hands-on training in the use of public transportation, whereas differences regarding the perceptions of occupation enablement were not. Self-efficacy after the intervention was higher than that before the intervention. In the follow-up survey, both VAS scores of the psychological factors were significantly higher in the group that used public transportation postdischarge than in the group that did not. Conclusion. Providing hands-on training in the use of public transportation for inpatients with physical disabilities increased their self-efficacy, indicating that psychological factors should be evaluated to predict their occupational skill improvement and to verify the outcomes of an occupational therapeutic intervention. 1. Introduction Public transportation helps people living in urban com- munities engage in extensive interactions across social environments. For example, using trains and buses can enable some people to commute and others to go shop- ping. Research has shown that not using public transpor- tation can limit outside participation and narrow an individual’s life spaces [1–3]. Especially for people with physical disability and older adults, lack of outdoor mobility can lead to isolation, poor health, high mortality, and low quality of life [4–7]. In urban communities, especially in places with well-developed public transporta- tion system, not being able to use public transportation can be a serious social problem for people with physical disability. Hindawi Occupational erapy International Volume 2020, Article ID 1621595, 8 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1621595