Research Article Open Access Volume 2 • Issue 5 • 1000144 J Environ Anal Toxicol ISSN:2161-0525 JEAT an open access journal Open Access Research Article Pathak, J Environ Anal Toxicol 2012, 2:5 DOI: 10.4172/2161-0525.1000144 *Corresponding author: Hemant Pathak, Department of Chemistry, Indra Gandhi Govt. Engineering College, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India, E-mail: hemantp1981@yahoo.co.in Received November 22, 2011; Accepted May 28, 2012; Published May 30, 2012 Citation: Pathak H (2012) Assessment of Physico-Chemical Quality of Groundwater by Multivariate Analysis in some Populated Villages nearby Sagar City, MP, India. J Environ Anal Toxicol 2:144. doi:10.4172/2161-0525.1000144 Copyright: © 2012 Pathak H. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Assessment of Physico-Chemical Quality of Groundwater by Multivariate Analysis in some Populated Villages nearby Sagar City, MP, India Hemant Pathak* Department of Chemistry, Indra Gandhi Govt. Engineering College, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India Keywords: Groundwater; Physico-chemical quality; Principal component analysis Introduction Ground water is the major source of water for drinking, agricultural, and industrial desires. Te availability of water determines the location and activities of humans in an area and our growing population is placing great demands upon natural fresh water resources. Te physico-chemical contaminants that adversely afected the quality of groundwater is likely to arise from a variety of sources, including land application of agricultural chemicals and organic wastes, infltration of irrigation water, septic tanks, and infltration of efuent from sewage treatment plants, pits, lagoons and ponds used for storage. In this study, physico-chemical assessment of ground water samples is determined by using standard analytical methods. Te objective of the study is to analyze the 14 parameters of water along 15 locations of 2 villages nearby Sagar city for 3 season’s pre monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon (during 2007 - 2011). Te aim of this study was to determine the physico-chemical analysis of groundwater sources of Banda and Karrapur village area and to compare with levels obtained with the and WHO drinking water directive. Study area and collection of water samples Ground water samples were collected from in and around Sagar city. Each water sample was taken every month during Oct. 2007– July 2011. Hemant Pathak et al [1-21], worked in the physico-chemical investigations of water from 7 years. Te samples were collected in prewashed (with detergent, diluted HNO 3 and doubly de-ionized distilled water, respectively) clean polythene bottles without any air bubbles and tightly sealed afer collection and labeled in the feld. Te temperatures of the samples were measured in the feld on the spot at the time of sample collection. Te samples were immediately analysed in the chemistry lab to minimize physicochemical changes. Experimental Physico-chemical Analysis All the chemicals used were of AR grade. Analysis was carried out for various water quality parameters which were measured by using Standard APHA methods. Banda and Karrapur village area nearby Sagar city was chosen as study area. 15 locations of 2 villages were selected based on domestic, agricultural and industrial activities. Water samples were collected from 15 stations by using standard methods (APHA). Various water samples were collected in clean and dry polyethylene bottles from bore wells afer running them for 5 minutes. All the collection of samples are immediately preserved in dark boxes and processed for the diferent analysis within 6 hours afer collection. All water samples were collected in sterile bottles (5 liter). In order to quantitatively analyse and confrm the relationship among major and trace element contents in groundwater samples, Pearson’s correlation analysis was applied to the data. Correlations among various metal contents, major elements, EC and pH in groundwater samples are calculated. Signifcant positive correlations among various elements in groundwater samples are evident. Na, Cl, K and Mg are signifcantly correlated (0.69<r<0.96). Te strong correlation between Na and Cl (r= 0.96), indicate a common chemical behavior. Ca and Mg are not signifcantly correlated (0.08) indicating that Ca and Mg are not probably related to dissolution of low magnesium carbonate, or dolomite deposits. Major elements such as Na, Cl, K, and Mg display signifcant correlation with EC (0.64<r>0.95). Tis refects the fact that EC of groundwater is strongly controlled by Cl and Na content. Interpretation of PCA results Before applying the above fnding, its scientifc reliability must be validated using other independent methods. One way to achieve this goal is to compare the water quality data with and without the 4 Abstract Ground water is one of the major resources of the drinking water in rural area nearby Sagar city, Madhya Pradesh. In the present study groundwater quality of the selected 02 villages near by Sagar city were taken for under investigations, by collecting 75 groundwater samples from entire villages and assessed for their suitability for human consumption. Physico-chemical parameters were carried out during different months of the pre monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon seasons in Oct. 2007– July 2011. WHO water directive value is 44 mg/l for nitrate and11 mg/l nitrate in drinking water. pH values of all samples were between 5.5-8.5 limits. Conductivity of all samples was below WHO water standards. The statistical analysis of the experimentally estimated water quality parameters on water samples yielded the range of the variation, mean, standard deviation, co-effcient of variation, correlation analysis and principal component analysis. Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology J o u r n a l o f E n v i r o n m e n t a l & A n a l y t i c a l T o x i c o l o g y ISSN: 2161-0525