Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol. 12, No. 6, December 2023, pp. 3247~3255 ISSN: 2302-9285, DOI: 10.11591/eei.v12i6.5506  3247 Journal homepage: http://beei.org Performance of single axis tracker technology and automatic battery monitoring in solar hybrid systems Habib Satria 1,2 , Sapto Nisworo 3 , Jaka Windarta 1 , Rahmad B. Y. Syah 2 1 Professional Program Education of Engineer, Faculty of Engineering, University of Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia 2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Medan Area, Medan, Indonesia 3 Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tidar, Magelang, Indonesia Article Info ABSTRACT Article history: Received Dec 13, 2022 Revised May 13, 2023 Accepted Jun 5, 2023 Utilization of elevation angles and azimuth angles is a very important part in maximizing solar energy into electrical energy in photovoltaic (PV). One way to maximize PV power output is to design a single axis tracker system and take into account the azimuth and elevation angles of the sun using the sun position calculator application. The single axis tracker system is set based on the position of the angle of inclination of the surface of the PV 45°, then the angle of 90° and the angle of inclination of 135°. The test results show that the single axis tracker PV system design can work based on the angle settings that have been programmed. Then the use of a battery control system to support the PV reliability system automatically cuts off electricity when the battery voltage drops below 12 V during cloudy weather conditions and excessive battery usage. The integration of the PZEM-017 module with the battery will support monitoring of battery power usage in real time. PV energy data conversion performance uses single axis tracker technology for maximum power reaching 631.72 Watt DC at 12.00 pm and the lowest power reaching 56.02 Watt DC at 6.00 pm. Keywords: Battery Energy conversion Hybrid system Single axis tracker photovoltaic This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license. Corresponding Author: Habib Satria Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Medan Area Kolam St. No. 1, 20223 Medan, Indonesia Email: habib.satria@staff.uma.ac.id 1. INTRODUCTION The importance of optimizing renewable energy has a significant impact on the energy conversion that will be produced. Therefore, the use of renewable energy must be managed appropriately so that it can reduce dependence on conventional energy to reduce costs or become a backup in the operation of current electricity usage [1], [2]. One of the most supportive renewable energy technologies in the territory of Indonesia is photovoltaic (PV) technology [3]–[5]. This is supported by the territory of Indonesia which is a tropical area with a high level of solar intensity and has an excess of solar energy [6], [7]. The working principle of PV is simple, namely that it has the main role as a converter of solar energy into electrical energy [8], [9]. Medan city is a city that has sunlight intensity and is quite potential if solar panels are installed. However, there are still many erratic weather changes in the Medan city area. This greatly affects the output of PV to convert solar energy to the maximum [10]. The output voltage and current from the resulting PV will always be directly proportional to the weather fluctuations received by the solar panels [11]–[13]. In addition, energy conversion from PV reliability is based on temperature differences on solar panels, the influence of cloud conditions, wind direction speed, and the influence of the shadow effect on solar panels [14], [15]. Erratic weather fluctuations will have a direct impact on the conversion of electrical energy produced by PV, moreover using a battery as a backup will of course greatly affect charging time [16], [17].