Math. Meth. Oper. Res. (2007) 66: 531–544
DOI 10.1007/s00186-006-0143-8
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
El˙ zbieta Z. Ferenstein
Randomized stopping games and Markov
market games
Received: 17 December 2004 / Revised: 31 October 2006 / Published online: 12 January 2007
© Springer-Verlag 2007
Abstract We study nonzero-sum stopping games with randomized stopping
strategies. The existence of Nash equilibrium and ε-equilibrium strategies are dis-
cussed under various assumptions on players random payoffs and utility functions
dependent on the observed discrete time Markov process. Then we will present a
model of a market game in which randomized stopping times are involved. The
model is a mixture of a stochastic game and stopping game.
Keywords Stopping games · Stochastic games · Nash equilibrium · Markov chain
1 Introduction and preliminaries
The paper is concerned with two types of games: m-person nonzero-sum nonco-
operative sequential games in which randomized stopping times are players strat-
egies and some specific stochastic games interpreted as market games (or some
econometric models). In the former, players payoffs are their utility functions (in
particular case) dependent on a state of the observed sequentially discrete—time
Markov process at the random moment of stopping. These games are generaliza-
tions of the stopping game formulated by Dynkin (1969) as an example of optimal
stopping of random sequences. In the latter, players control transition probability
law of a Markov chain so as to stop it at a random moment with the aim to max-
imize their expected utilities dependent on the current state of the process and on
the collection of players who have decided to stop it.
Research supported by grant PBZ-KBN-016/P03/99.
E. Z. Ferenstein
Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology,
Plac Politechniki 1, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland
E-mail: efer@mini.pw.edu.pl