Volume 58 Issue 2 (February 2024) 225 RESEARCH ARTICLE Indian Journal of Animal Research, Volume 58 Issue 2: 225-232 (February 2024) In vitro Study: Efficacy of Artemisia monosperma Leaves Extract on Eimeria papillata Saleh N. Maodaa 1 , Esam M. Al-Shaebi 1 , Rewaida Abdel-Gaber 1 , Afaf Alatawi 1 , Sarah A. Alawwad 2 , Saleh Al-Quraishy 1 10.18805/IJAR.BF-1696 I NTRODUCTION Infection with apicomplexan parasites of the genus Eimera causes coccidiosis in chickens (Chapman et al., 2013; Witcombe and Smith, 2014) and ruminants (Khodakaram and Hashemnia, 2017). In ruminants, Eimeria sp. leads to poor weight, reduced production and increased mortality in younger stock. Infectious and parasitic illnesses like pneumonia and helminthosis can also made worse (Kanyari et al., 1993; Kusiluka et al., 1998; Etsay et al., 2020). Globally, this disease has a significant impact on poultry production, resulting in annual economic losses of about US$ 3 billion (Noack et al., 2019; Blake et al., 2020). It affects the digestive system of the host, which develops in the small and large intestines (Dakpogan et al., 2019). It is characterized by diarrhea, dehydration, fluid loss, malabsorption of nutrients, inflammation, oxidative stress and heightened susceptibility to bacterial pathogens such as necrotic enteritis in chickens (Alnassan et al., 2014). Due to their negative effects on broilers’ final body weight, intestinal health and meat quality, microbial infections significantly affect chicken productivity (Mohamed et al., 2021; Swelum et al., 2021; Yaqoob et al., 2021). Therefore, antibiotics repressed and inhibited microorganisms until the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (Alagawany et al., 2021; Reda et al., 2021). This issue is typically resolved by the use of phytogenic substances, such as phenolic compounds in plant extracts (Abou-Kassem et al., 2021; El-Saadony et al., 2021a; Saad et al., 2021). Many factors aid in the development of coccidiosis, including fecal-oral transmission, high oocyst reproductive potential, the presence of resistant oocysts, the direct life cycle and favorable environmental circumstances for infectivity (sporulation). Since 1939, many ionophore anticoccidial and chemical feed additives have been utilized to combat these potentially harmful parasites in chickens (Nogueira et al., 2009). However, drug resistance has emerged (Abbas et al., 2011; Hema et al., 2015). As a result of this, plant extracts are currently being assessed as viable, sustainable alternatives to new medications. Recently, there has been a global interest in adopting herbal remedies as secure substitutes to treat different ailments with a reduced danger of the emergence of resistance (Abd El-Hack et al., 2020; Abdelnour et al., 2020; Ashour et al., 2020). Antiprotozoal activity in more than 1200 plants has been reported (Willcox and Bodeker, 2004; Muthamilselvan et al., 2016). ABSTRACT Background: Traditional medicine has long utilized medicinal plants that contain a rich source of biologically active phytochemicals. Many of these have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which can reduce the risk of many diseases. Numerous animals are afflicted by the disease coccidiosis, which causes significant economic losses. Drug abuse and overuse have led to the emergence of drug-resistant strains of Eimeria spp. Methods: In this study, Artemisia monosperma leaf methanolic extract (AMLE) was prepared and tested in vitro as an anticoccidial using the oocyst of Eimeria papillata. Result: Fifteen different functional groups were present in AMLE using infrared spectroscopy. Also, quantitative results showed phenolics and flavonoids 39.7±0.3 and 33.4±0.2 (mg TAE/g DW) respectively in AMLE. Moreover, at 96 h, significant inhibition of process sporulation for E. papillata oocyst was observed when exposed to AMLE (300 mg/mL) and formalin 5%, while amprolium, DettolTM and phenol showed different levels of inhibition. Our results showed that AMLE has anticoccidial activity, which promotes the conduct of numerous in vivo research to discover an efficient treatment. Key words: Anticoccidial activity, Artemisia monosperma, Eimeria papillata. 1 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. 2 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. Corresponding Author: Saleh N. Maodaa, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. Email: maodaa_28@yahoo.com How to cite this article: Maodaa, S.N., Al-Shaebi, E.M., Abdel- Gaber, R., Alatawi, A., Alawwad, S.A. and Al-Quraishy, S. (2024). In vitro Study: Efficacy of Artemisia monosperma Leaves Extract on Eimeria papillata. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 58(2): 225-232. doi: 10.18805/IJAR.BF-1696. Submitted: 11-09-2023 Accepted: 25-11-2023 Online: 15-12-2023