  Citation: Abd-Elaty, I.; Negm, A.; Hamdan, A.M.; Nour-Eldeen, A.S.; Zele ˇ náková, M.; Hossen, H. Assessing the Hazards of Groundwater Logging in Tourism Aswan City, Egypt. Water 2022, 14, 1233. https://doi.org/10.3390/ w14081233 Academic Editor: Andrea G. Capodaglio Received: 27 February 2022 Accepted: 7 April 2022 Published: 12 April 2022 Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affil- iations. Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). water Article Assessing the Hazards of Groundwater Logging in Tourism Aswan City, Egypt Ismail Abd-Elaty 1 , Abdelazim Negm 1 , Ali M. Hamdan 2 , Ahmed S. Nour-Eldeen 3 , Martina Zele ˇ náková 4, * and Hickmat Hossen 3 1 Department of Water and Water Structures Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; eng_abdelaty2006@yahoo.com (I.A.-E.); amnegm85@yahoo.com (A.N.) 2 Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan 81542, Egypt; alielaraby1@yahoo.com 3 Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81542, Egypt; eng.ahmed.s.nour@gmail.com (A.S.N.-E.); hickmat.abdullah@eng.aswu.edu.eg (H.H.) 4 Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Košice, 04200 Košice, Slovakia * Correspondence: martina.zelenakova@tuke.sk; Tel.: +421-55-602-4270 Abstract: This paper studies the groundwater logging problem in the Quaternary aquifer in Aswan city, Upper Egypt. Groundwater levels are already very high in Aswan city, but this has not been exploited, and it causes damage to the environment and infrastructure for roads, building, and templets. Rising groundwater leads to the deterioration and poor quality of agricultural lands. The main objective of this study is to assess and investigate the main reasons for the groundwater logging in the tourist city of Aswan using field investigation during different periods and gain a better understanding of the water dynamics in the study area. This study investigated the surface water levels in the High Dam Lake (HDL), the Kima Lake water levels, the recharge in the fish hatchery, the abstraction well rates in Kima and El-Shalal, and the leakage from the drinking water and wastewater network in Aswan city within the study area using field investigation. The results of this study show that the HDL is one of the most important sources feeding the aquifer in the study area, and it affects the rise and fall of the groundwater levels, but it is not the only factor that affects this problem. Moreover, the rise in the groundwater levels was due to the infiltration from the unlinking fish hatchery, the reduction in abstraction well rates from Kima Lake, the lack of abstraction from El shallal region, the increase in the leakage from drinking water pipelines, sewage networks and septic underground wastewater tanks; these factors are affecting groundwater logging in Aswan city. Potential groundwater level maps for the study area were generated using field data and ArcGIS technique for the years 2010, 2012, 2014, 2017, 2018, and 2020. Based on the results of the potential groundwater maps, the maximum and minimum difference for the groundwater levels in the study area between 2017 and 2012 reached 12.56 m and 0.83 m, respectively; also, between 2018 and 2017, the levels were 4.34 m and 0.25 m, respectively. Moreover, between 2020 and 2018, they were 8 m and 0.38 m, respectively. Keywords: groundwater; logging; Aswan; HDL; leakage; withdrawal 1. Introduction Hydrologists’ studies of interactions between groundwater and surface water are a topic of interest, leading to better combined use of water from two different sources, surface water and groundwater, for demands purposes. Correct shared use can alleviate water shortages in irrigated agriculture, increase water use efficiency, and improve regional environmental conditions in irrigated areas. Overpopulation and climate change increase water demands and lead to the over-pumping of the aquifers. Furthermore, groundwater provides about 31% of the world’s drinking water [1,2]. A lot of researchers have studied groundwater flow and the factors affecting its quantity and quality in arid and semi-arid Water 2022, 14, 1233. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14081233 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/water