365 © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 K. M. Reavis et al. (eds.), The SAGES Manual of Bariatric Surgery, The SAGES University Masters Program Series, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71282-6_30 Chapter 30 Complications of Endolumenal Bariatric Therapies (EBTs) Emanuel Eguia and Bipan Chand Introduction Worldwide, obesity has more than doubled since 1980 according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Today, more than one third (36.5%) of adults in the United States are obese, posing a serious health problem in this country. Laparoscopic bariatric surgery has been well-described as an effective treatment option in achiev- ing substantial weight loss and improving obesity-related comorbidities. Surgery can carry a moderate risk, including death, for certain individuals. As a result, there is a growing demand for less invasive procedures that can assist in weight loss. Many of these procedures and techniques may offer an overall lower risk profle when compared to surgery. Endolumenal bariatric therapies (EBTs) can function as a primary treatment for obesity, bridge to surgical therapy, or revision of a prior surgical intervention. EBTs may offer a quicker recovery, lower morbidity and mor- tality, and possibly a more cost-effective means of achieving meaningful weight loss. Endoscopic Gastric Procedures Intragastric Balloons One of the earliest endoscopic transoral restrictive devices was the intragastric bal- loon (IGB). Initially introduced in 1982, early generations of the intragastric bal- loons (i.e., Garren-Edwards, Ballobes, Taylor, Wilson-Cook balloons, De Castrol, E. Eguia • B. Chand (*) Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA e-mail: emanuel.eguia@lumc.edu; bchand@lumc.edu