1. INTRODUCTION
Facilities of few deepwater ports along the Indian coastline
are being upgraded to provide efficient cargo handling ser-
vices. A new port has recently been built at Gangavaram on
the Indian east coast. It is desired to improve an area of about
220,000 m
2
at the port in order to build an ore stack-yard.
Site investigation data revealed that soft marine clays exist up
to 20m depth. Much of these marine clays are impregnated
with seashell fragments.
Previous investigation in this region was mostly done on
remolded and reconstituted clay (e.g. Mohan and Bhandari
1977, Rao et al. 1996, Moses et al. 2003). The behavior
of remolded clay however does not exactly follow that of
undisturbed clay because of particle bonding and alignment,
and particle arrangement owing to stress history effects
(Wroth 1984). This paper investigates the data of conven-
tional consolidated undrained triaxial tests on undisturbed
marine clays containing seashell fragments. Figure 1 shows
the seashell fragments observed in the sample. The effect
of consolidation pressure on pore pressure response during
undrained shear up to failure was studied. The laboratory
test results are compared to the numerical findings leading
to the proposal of a semi-empirical method that allows pore
pressure changes to be determined because of the presence
of seashells.
2. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM
Nine isotropically consolidated undrained triaxial tests with
pore pressure measurement (CIU) were conducted on 75mm
diameter undisturbed clay samples. The water content, liquid
and plastic limits of the clay were 52-, 78- and 26%, respec-
tively. The clay had an average bulk unit weight of 15.4kN/
m
3
. The samples were obtained from piston samplers col-
lected from 4.5- to 11.5m depth during the site investigation.
The samples were extruded directly from the sampler
and cut into 150mm length. Two saturated porous stones
were then placed at the ends of each sample and the entire
assembly mounted on the triaxial chamber. Saturation was
achieved by applying a partial vacuum (< 25kPa) to the top
of the sample and concurrently allowing deaired water to
percolate through the bottom. The cell pressure and back
pressure were then increased in steps using two independent
A. Juneja
1
* and B. A. Mir
2
Behavior of marine clays containing
seashell fragments under undrained triaxial
loading
ABSTRACT: Marine clays at Gangavaram port on east coast of India are known to contain seashells which affect the und-
rained shear strength of the soft clays. This paper reports the results of consolidated undrained triaxial tests (CIU) on undis-
turbed samples of marine clay collected from the site. The findings from the tests are then compared to the results of the
common elasto-plastic soil model used in the back analysis. The results seem to suggest that the presence of seashell fragments
influence the measured pore pressure response and the strength especially at low consolidation pressure when stiffness of the
clay is less.
KEYWORDS: Bulk modulus; critical state framework; marine clays; triaxial testing.
*Corresponding Author
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of
Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 40 0076 India, Email: ajuneja@
iitb.ac.in
2
Research Scholar (QIP), Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 40 0076 India, Email: p7mir@
civil.iitb.ac.in
565
International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering (2010) 4: (565-571)
DOI 10.3328/IJGE.2010.04.04.565-571
J. Ross Publishing, Inc. © 2010
TECHNICAL NOTE