Journal of Dental Specialities 2023;11(2):76–87 Content available at: https://www.ipinnovative.com/open-access-journals Journal of Dental Specialities Journal homepage: https://www.jdsits.in/ Review Article Infra zygomatic crest (IZC) and mandibular buccal shelf (MBS) bone screws: A comprehensive updated review Mohsin Aslam Wani 1, *, Diptiman Shukla 2 , Mohd. Amir 3 , Shiraz Siddiqui 4 , Sana Mehtab 5 , Mohd Saeedul Jafar 5 , Md. Anas Husain Khan 6 , Maisa Rasool 7 1 Dept. of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Embrace Orthodontic and Implant Centre, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India 2 Dept. of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India 3 Dept. of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Care Dental Clinic, Pryagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India 4 Health Gulf Polyclinic, Tabuk, KSA 5 Dept. of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India 6 Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, H.M.S. Memorial Hospital, Banda, Uttar Pradesh, India 7 Dr. Qaiser’s Dental Clinic, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India ARTICLE INFO Article history: Received 30-07-2023 Accepted 05-09-2023 Available online 29-09-2023 Keywords: Anchorage Temporary Skeletal Anchorage Devices (TSADs) Extraalveolar Infrazygomatic Crest (IZC) Mandibular Buccal Shelf (MBS) Stainless Steel (SS) Titanium Alloys (TiA) ABSTRACT The definition of anchorage is the opposition a body exhibits to being displaced. In orthodontics, the body is used to simulate a tooth, and forces that can be either light and continuous or heavy and intermittent are used to propel it around. When natural tooth motions are to be performed in greater amounts, they must be fastened against an anchor that, if feasible, is fairly enduring. This is when anchoring is required in orthodontics. This is an Open Access (OA) journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. For reprints contact: reprint@ipinnovative.com 1. Introduction The concept of skeletal anchorage was first introduced more than 70 years ago, as mentioned by Papadapolus. 1 Reactionary forces are generated with each orthodontic force application and, in accordance with Newton’s third principle, will induce tooth movements in the reverse direction, which is undesirable for the majority of orthodontic biomechanics. Gainsforth B. L. and Higley L. B. in 1945 inserted Vitallium screws in the ascending ramus of the mandible of dogs and proposed * Corresponding author. E-mail address: mohsynaslam@gmail.com (M. A. Wani). that in the future anchorage for orthodontic movement can be obtained by inserting metallic screws into the bone. They have since been employed as temporary anchoring for canine retraction, anterior segment retraction, dental intrusion, distalization, mesialization, and other procedures. 2 Creekmore and Eklund utilised a Vitallium bone screw implanted in the anterior nasal spine to manage a case with a profound overbite in 1983, which was the first therapeutic application recorded in the empirical studies. A mini-implant designed exclusively for orthodontic usage was reported by Kanomi in 1997, while a screw with a bracket-like head was introduced by Costa et al. in 1998. 1 Thereafter, many studies were https://doi.org/10.18231/j.jds.2023.015 2320-7302/© 2023 Author(s), Published by Innovative Publication. 76