https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854818796873
CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND BEHAVIOR, 201X, Vol. XX, No. X, Month 2018, 1–15.
DOI: 10.1177/0093854818796873
Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissions
© 2018 International Association for Correctional and Forensic Psychology
1
ENHANCING MOTIVATION AND JOB
SATISFACTION OF POLICE OFFICERS
A Test of High Performance Cycle Theory
ISMAIL C. DEMIRKOL
MAHESH K. NALLA
Michigan State University
Although goal-setting theory is one of the most examined motivation theories, few studies examine a theoretical framework
of the high performance cycle (HPC) offered by Locke and Latham. Thus, the aim of this article is to examine the causes of
job motivation and satisfaction within the framework of HPC. The data were gathered from 1,970 police officers working in
various police departments in Turkey. Overall, the results of the study were consistent with the tenets of HPC. Results suggest
that specific goals, self-efficacy, and feedback increase police officers’ job motivation, which leads to rewards and subse-
quently, job satisfaction among police officers. The results also suggest that job motivation has direct and indirect effects on
job satisfaction. The practical implications of this study are to show that HPC is an effective and applicable framework to
increase police officers’ job motivation and satisfaction.
Keywords: high performance cycle; job satisfaction; motivation; goal commitment
INTRODUCTION
Work motivation (O’Reilly, 1991; Pinder, 1998; Steers, Mowday, & Shapiro, 2004) and
job satisfaction (Rainey, 2014; Spector, 1997) are two of the most researched topics in the
field of organizational studies. Work motivation is described as “a person’s desire to work
hard and work well to the arousal, direction, and persistence of effort in work settings”
(Rainey, 2014, p. 263). One of the major goals of public administration research is the focus
on how to motivate public employees and enable them “to work energetically and intelli-
gently towards achieving public purposes” (Behn, 1995, p. 315). The existing research on
policing indicates that motivation is related to positive outcomes among police officers. For
example, it was found that higher levels of motivation were related to the intention to stay
in the police force and lower levels of reported daily hassles (Otis & Pelletier, 2005). In
another study, higher levels of self-determined motivation were related to vigor (high levels
AUTHORS’ NOTE: Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Ismail C. Demirkol,
Kazim Karabekir Mah. 15-1 Tercan Erzincan, Turkey; e-mail: icdemirkol99@yahoo.com.
796873CJB XX X 10.1177/0093854818796873Criminal Justice and BehaviorDemirkol, Nalla
research-article 2018