Manufacturing of High Pressure Die
Casting Die Inserts Using SLM
Roland STOLT
a,1
and Anders E. W. JARFORS
b
a
Jönköping University, Dept. of Product Development, Production and Design
b
Jönköping University, Dept. of Materials and Manufacuring
Abstract. Dies for high pressure die casting are normally manufactured by
machining of slabs of tool steel to the required dimensions. This manufacturing
requires several steps such as rough machining, heat-treatment, EDM (electro
discharge machining) and polishing. With the AM (additive manufacturing)
method SLM (Selective Laser Melting) it has become possible to print the dies
fully or in part. Several advantages are expected, such as a better thermal
distribution in the die in service and thereby extended die life and better
component quality. This is due to the possibility of making the cooling channels
conformal. There are also expectations of reduced time and cost in the
manufacturing process due to fewer manufacturing steps and better material
utilisation. Hopes are to print a net shape or near net shape that can be used
directly as a die component. In this paper it is investigated to what extent this can
be fulfilled by printing two die inserts to be used for casting fatigue test samples of
aluminium. They were printed on a 3D Systems ProX DMP 300 in maraging steel
powder. The result is that it is possible to obtain a sufficiently smooth surface die
surface. However, the current design with an SLM insert fitted in a machined die
makes extensive post printing manufacturing necessary.
Keywords. Additive Manufacturing; AM; High Pressure Die Casting; HPDC;
Selective Laser Melting; SLM Dies; Conformal cooling channels.
Introduction
Dies and moulds are increasingly being manufactured by additive manufacturing
(AM) methods such as Electron Beam melting (EBM) and Selective Laser Melting
(SLM). Examples includes dies for injection moulding of thermo plastics and high
pressure die casting (HPDC) of light metal alloys. Also dies for the extrusion of
aluminium profiles are being manufactured by AM [1]. One of the main motivations
for the AM of dies is gaining better control of the die temperature by introducing
conformal cooling channels. By manufacturing the dies by AM, the cooling channels
can be located at exactly the places where the cooling is needed making the
temperature distribution of the die more even and thereby extending the die life due to
reduced thermal stresses. Better control of the temperature also mean that the part
quality can be increased, and that the cycle times can be reduced.
The conformal cooling channels are often geometrically complicated and there are
few, if any other ways than AM by which they can be manufactured. In this paper, the
possibilities of using the SLM process for HPDC dies with conformal cooling will be
1
Corresponding Author. [roland.stolt@ju.se]
SPS2020
K. Säfsten and F. Elgh (Eds.)
© 2020 The authors and IOS Press.
This article is published online with Open Access by IOS Press and distributed under the terms
of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.0).
doi:10.3233/ATDE200206
663