Citation: Ikram, M. 5G/B5G Internet
of Things MIMO Antenna Design.
Signals 2022, 3, 29–37. https://
doi.org/10.3390/signals3010003
Academic Editors: Yiming Huo and
Minh Tu Hoang
Received: 2 December 2021
Accepted: 4 January 2022
Published: 6 January 2022
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral
with regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional affil-
iations.
Copyright: © 2022 by the author.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
This article is an open access article
distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons
Attribution (CC BY) license (https://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
4.0/).
signals
Article
5G/B5G Internet of Things MIMO Antenna Design
Muhammad Ikram
School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Queensland (UQ),
Brisbane 4072, Australia; Ikram439@gmail.com
Abstract: The current and future wireless communication systems, WiFi, fourth generation (4G), fifth
generation (5G), Beyond5G, and sixth generation (6G), are mixtures of many frequency spectrums.
Thus, multi-functional common or shared aperture antenna modules, which operate at multiband
frequency spectrums, are very desirable. This paper presents a multiple-input and multiple-output
(MIMO) antenna design for the 5G/B5G Internet of Things (IoT). The proposed MIMO antenna is
designed to operate at multiple bands, i.e., at 3.5 GHz, 3.6 GHz, and 3.7 GHz microwave Sub-6 GHz
and 28 GHz mm-wave bands, by employing a single radiating aperture, which is based on a tapered
slot antenna. As a proof of concept, multiple tapered slots are placed on the corner of the proposed
prototype. With this configuration, multiple directive beams pointing in different directions have
been achieved at both bands, which in turn provide uncorrelated channels in MIMO communication.
A 3.5 dBi realized gain at 3.6 GHz and an 8 dBi realized gain at 28 GHz are achieved, showing that the
proposed design is a suitable candidate for multiple wireless communication standards at Sub-6 GHz
and mm-wave bands. The final MIMO structure is printed using PCB technology with an overall size
of 120 × 60 × 10 mm
3
, which matches the dimensions of a modern mobile phone.
Keywords: IoT; mm-wave; Sub-6 GHz; tapered slot; 5G
1. Introduction
The exponential growth in data rates is an important aspect of modern research
in mobile Internet of Things (IoT) communication. Substantial work has been done to
improve the data rates and to fulfill ever-increasing requirements, such as 4G, 4G Long
Term Evolution (LTE), and 5G [1–3]. However, data-hungry devices in IoT still need more
and more data rates. Currently, 5G bands at Sub-6 GHz and mm-wave bands have been
officially assigned by the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) to be used for 5G
mobile communication to improve data rates [4]. Moreover, multiple-input multiple-out
(MIMO) can further enhance data rates (channel capacity) by increasing the number of
antennas [5–9].
One possible IoT-based communication scenario is shown in Figure 1, which demon-
strates that in IoT communication, microwave Sub-6 GHz and mm-wave bands will be
combined to access high data rates in large geographical coverage areas [10,11]. Therefore,
in this work, the implementation of a Sub-6 and mm-wave MIMO antenna design is re-
alized by utilizing the concept of a shared aperture antenna, as shown in Figure 1. The
proposed design operates at the Sub-6 GHz band with wider antenna beamwidth and at
the mm-wave band with a sharp directive antenna beam. The sharp directive beam with
high gain is important in sending and receiving high-frequency signals at mm-wave bands.
Additionally, high gain is required to mitigate high path loss at mm-wave bands [12,13].
Shared aperture or common aperture antennas have attracted considerable attention
and interest recently. They have been proposed to operate at microwave Sub-6 GHz and
mm-wave bands to satisfy the requirements of compact size, operating band, and directive
radiation patterns at both bands [14–17]. To date, few designs have been presented that can
simultaneously satisfy those requirements. In this article, a simple method for designing
Signals 2022, 3, 29–37. https://doi.org/10.3390/signals3010003 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/signals