Elite Journal of Scientific Research and Review. Volume 2 issue 2(2024), Pp. 17-41 https://epjournals.com/journals/EJSRR Citation: Obeagu EI, Obeagu, GU. P-Selectin and Platelet Activation in HIV: Implications for Antiviral Therapy. Elite Journal of Scientific Research and Review, 2024; 2(1): 17-41 1 P-Selectin and Platelet Activation in HIV: Implications for Antiviral Therapy * Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu 1 and Getrude Uzoma Obeagu 2 1 Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kampala International University, Uganda. 2 School of Nursing Science, Kampala International University, Uganda. * Corresponding authour: Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kampala International University, Uganda, emmanuelobeagu@yahoo.com, ORCID: 0000-0002- 4538-0161 Abstract Platelet activation and dysregulation of cell adhesion molecules, particularly P-Selectin, play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, contributing to thrombotic risk and endothelial dysfunction. This review explores the intricate interplay between P-Selectin and platelet activation in HIV, elucidating their mechanistic interactions and clinical implications. We examine how HIV-induced immune activation and inflammation stimulate endothelial cells and platelets to express P-Selectin, thereby promoting leukocyte adhesion and platelet aggregation. Elevated levels of soluble P-Selectin serve as biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and thrombotic risk in HIV-infected individuals, highlighting the clinical significance of these pathways. Understanding the role of P-Selectin and platelet activation in HIV provides insights into disease pathogenesis and offers opportunities for targeted therapeutic interventions to mitigate thrombotic risk and improve endothelial function in this population. Keywords: P-Selectin, platelet activation, HIV, antiviral therapy, immune activation, inflammation, thrombosis, endothelial dysfunction. Introduction The interaction between platelets and P-Selectin holds critical implications for the pathogenesis and progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Platelets, traditionally known for their role in hemostasis, are increasingly recognized as key players in immune activation and inflammation. Likewise, P-Selectin, an essential cell adhesion molecule expressed on activated platelets and endothelial cells, plays a pivotal role in mediating leukocyte-platelet interactions and facilitating inflammation. In the context of HIV infection, the dysregulation of platelet activation