Nephro-Urol Mon. 2022 February; 14(1):e118771. Published online 2021 December 15. doi: 10.5812/numonthly.118771. Research Article Effect of Cold Dialysis Solution on the Sexual Dysfunction of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Randomized Clinical Trial Rahele Hassanpour Moghaddam 1 , Fatemeh Nazemian 2 , Sedigheh Rastaghi 3 and Mostafa Rad 4, * 1 Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran 2 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kidney Transplantation Complications Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran 3 Student Research Committee, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 4 Department of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery School, Iranian Research Center on Healthy Aging, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran * Corresponding author: Department of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery School, Iranian Research Center on Healthy Aging, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran. Email: mostafarad633@yahoo.com Received 2021 August 23; Accepted 2021 November 17. Abstract Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of cold dialysis solution on the sexual dysfunction of patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted with a before and after parallel design among 60 hemodialysis patients diagnosed with sexual dysfunction. The selected subjects were randomly allocated to the two groups of experimental and control (30 per each). Patients in the experimental and control groups underwent hemodialysis for one month using 35.5°C and 37°C dial- ysis solutions, respectively. Following the procedure, male and female sexual function was assessed in the study groups. Data were collected using the International Index of Erectile Functions, the female sexual function index (FSFI), and a demographic question- naire. Data analysis was performed using chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, t-test, paired t-test, and Wilcoxon test at 95% confidence interval. Results: No significant difference was observed between the experimental and control groups regarding male sexual function be- fore and after the intervention (P > 0.05). However, the Mann-Whitney U test indicated a significant difference in the female subjects’ arousal in the experimental group before (3.68 ± 0.38) and after the intervention (3.98 ± 0.46; z = 2.216; P = 0.027). Conclusions: Cold dialysis solution could only increase the sexual arousal of the women in the experimental group, and no changes were observed in other sexual function domains of the male and female patients. Given the short duration of our intervention, it is recommended that further longitudinal studies be performed on larger cohorts of patients in different geographical regions. Keywords: Chronic Renal Failure, Sexual Dysfunction, Cool Dialysate, Hemodialysis 1. Background Statistics suggest that more than half of patients with end-stage renal disease are aged 16-45 years, which is the most active stage of life (1). Male and female patients with chronic renal failure who undergo treatments such as hemodialysis often experience sexual dysfunction and multiple other sexual problems (2). Sexual function is a ne- glected factor despite its undeniable impact on the qual- ity of life (3). In particular, dialysis patients experience sexual dysfunction due to the nature of their disease and its complications (4). Sexual quality of life is essential to sexual health and refers to sexual attraction, interest, participation in sexual activity, and the perception of sex- ual function in an individual. This concept is intertwined with the level of satisfaction and general quality of life, such that a low sexual quality of life could properly deter- mine the overall health status and quality of life of a com- munity. Among the influential factors in sexual function are age, cultural and religious background, disease his- tory, surgery, pregnancy, lifestyle, childhoodevents, previ- ous sexual experiences, stress-related emotional problems, physical health, history of sexual trauma/deterioration, and economic status (5). Dialysis is the last treatment option for kidney failure. Given the rising trend of the patient population undergo- ing dialysis to increase survival, the associated sexual dys- function with this treatment method has increased signif- Copyright © 2021, Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits copy and redistribute the material just in noncommercial usages, provided the original work is properly cited.