Open Journal of Ophthalmology, 2022, 12, 91-106 https://www.scirp.org/journal/ojoph ISSN Online: 2165-7416 ISSN Print: 2165-7408 DOI: 10.4236/ojoph.2022.121010 Feb. 28, 2022 91 Open Journal of Ophthalmology Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma Hanan M. Makhdoum, Shatha A. Albadawi, Haneen H. Almuhammadi Department of Ophthalmology, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia Abstract The management of retinoblastoma is challenging and complex. Preservation of the eyeball as well as vision, with minimum morbidity, is the aim in the in- itial stages. This has been made possible by the use of chemotherapy that is targeted to the eye in the form of selective intravitreal and intra-arterial chem- otherapy which has shown promising results. The efficacy and safety of intra- arterial chemotherapy have been reported by many specialized centers. The aim of this article was to review the role of intraarterial chemotherapy in the management of retinoblastoma and its clinical outcomes. In addition, we will review the possible complications of the procedure. We were able to collect articles relevant to our research objectives by reviewing the title and abstract of each article. Irrelevant articles and those that did not meet the inclusion cri- teria were excluded. This yielded a total of 19 studies. The results indicated that intraarterial chemotherapy is an effective and new modality of treatment for retinoblastoma to salvage the eyeball and helps in the prevention of enucleation with minimal local and systemic complications that are mostly transient. For future work, we recommend conducting more prospective studies with large samples and the long duration of follow-up. Also, we recommend future stud- ies focusing on assessing visual acuity, as most of the currently available studies did not assess the visual acuity, making the judgment on vision preservation with IAC difficult. Keywords Retinoblastoma, Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy, Intravitreal Chemotherapy, Eyeball Salvage 1. Introduction The most common primary intraocular neoplasm in children is retinoblastoma, representing 3% of all malignancies in children and 10% - 15% of cancers that How to cite this paper: Makhdoum, H.M., Albadawi, S.A. and Almuhammadi, H.H. (2022) Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy for Ret- inoblastoma. Open Journal of Ophthalmolo- gy, 12, 91-106. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojoph.2022.121010 Received: November 24, 2021 Accepted: February 25, 2022 Published: February 28, 2022 Copyright © 2022 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access