Accepted by N. de Voogd: 18 Jun. 2018; published: 2 Aug. 2018 ZOOTAXA ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press Zootaxa 4455 (2): 363–376 http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article 363 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4455.2.6 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2B4688E2-A4C1-4A3F-849F-9BC657DBD9EC Taxonomy of Oceanapia Norman, 1869 (Demospongiae: Haplosclerida: Phloeodictyidae) from the Brazilian coast CARLOS SANTOS NETO 1,2 , ELIELTON NASCIMENTO 1 , THAYNÃ CAVALCANTI 1 & ULISSES PINHEIRO 1 1 Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Nelson Chaves, s/n Cidade Universi- tária CEP 50373-970, Recife, PE, Brazil 2 Corresponding author. E-mail: carlosneto_93@hotmail.com Abstract The genus Oceanapia Norman, 1869 comprises 95 species worldwide, 20 from the Atlantic Ocean and seven from Brazil. Oceanapia includes sponges with hollow body and numerous fistulae; spicules are oxeas or strongyles and microscleres, if present, are sigmas or toxas. Specimens were collected by trawl at Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco and Pará States, Brazil. Two new species are described from the Northeast Region of Brazil: Oceanapia cordia sp. nov. and Oceanapia magna sp. nov. For two preoccupied combinations, new names are proposed, Oceanapia hechteli nom. nov. and Ocean- apia topsenti nom. nov. Oceanapia stalagmitica (Wiedenmayer, 1977) is recorded and described for the first time from Brazil. A taxonomic study of seven specimens of Oceanapia from the North and Northeast region (Brazil) is given, in- cluding description, illustrations and geographical distribution. The two new species are compared with all other descrip- tions of Oceanapia from the Atlantic Ocean. Key words: Porifera, marine biology, sponges, benthos Introduction The genus Oceanapia Norman, 1869 includes sponges with a compact external ectosomal crust composed of tangential megascleres, often surrounding a hollow body, and numerous ubiquitous fistulae; spicules are oxeas or strongyles and microscleres, if present, sigmas or toxas (Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine 2002). Currently, Oceanapia has 95 valid species, with 21 species from the Atlantic Ocean (Van Soest et al. 2017). Recently, Van Soest (2017) assigned all Central Western Atlantic specimens previously known as Oceanapia fistulosa (Bowerbank, 1873) to Oceanapia ascidia (Schmidt, 1870), restricting the name O. fistulosa to Indo-West Pacific specimens. Therefore, seven species are known from the Brazilian coast (Muricy 2017): Oceanapia bartschi (de Laubenfels, 1934), Oceanapia ascidia, Oceanapia nodosa (George & Wilson, 1919), Oceanapia nodulosa (Hechtel, 1983), Oceanapia oleracea (Schmidt, 1870), Oceanapia peltata (Schmidt, 1870) and Oceanapia putridosa (Lamarck, 1815). Van Soest (1980) proposed including Phloeodictyon Carter, 1882 and Rhizochalina Schmidt, 1870 in synonymy with Oceanapia, because their respective type species were very similar. These synonymies induced homonymy twice between the valid species: Oceanapia media (Thiele, 1899) and Oceanapia media (Topsent, 1928), and Oceanapia nodulosa (Topsent, 1928) and Oceanapia nodulosa (Hechtel, 1983). The present study describes two new species of Oceanapia from Northeastern Brazil, records and describes the Caribbean species Oceanapia stalagmitica (Wiedenmayer, 1977) for the first time in Brazil, and proposes new names to two preoccupied combinations: Oceanapia media and Oceanapia nodulosa. Materials and methods Specimens of Oceanapia were collected from four sites in Brazil (Fig. 1). One specimen was collected by dredging