212 Copyright © 2017, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. Chapter 9 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-1756-6.ch009 ABSTRACT Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC) could generate electrical energy combined with the wastewater treatment and they can be a promising technological opportunity. This chapter presents an agent-based model and simulation of MFC comparing it with analytical models, to show that this approach could model and simulate these problems with more abstraction and with excellent results. INTRODUCTION A lot of research has been done with the energy and environment issues. About this subject, the envi- ronmental damages mitigation and the research for renewable energy solutions are some of the mains topics. Studies indicate that the bacteria could generate electrical energy combined with the wastewater treatment, resulting in a promising technological opportunity (Logan, 2008). In this way, computational modelling and simulation bring tools that could expand the understanding of systems and processes with economic and time advantages in face to build pilot plants, prototypes and experimental planning and execution. It is known that just the modelling and the simulation could not bring all the real aspects and variables. Nevertheless, its uses can offer more confidence to the planning and development of strategies in order to fulfill experimental tests (Maria, 1997). Microbial Fuel Cells Using Agent-Based Simulation: Review and Basic Modeling Diogo Ortiz Machado FURG, Brazil & IFRS, Rio Grande, Brazil Diana Francisca Adamatti FURG, Brazil Eder Mateus Nunes Gonçalves FURG, Brazil