Proceedings of the 2004 Winter Simulation Conference R .G. Ingalls, M. D. Rossetti, J. S. Smith, and B. A. Peters, eds. ABSTRACT Current airspace restrictions in Kabul limit the potential capability of the Tactical Unmanned Air Vehicle (TUAV) within the area of operations of the Kabul Multinational Brigade. An experiment was conducted using the OneSAF Testbed Baseline and a range of virtual simulations to ex- amine the impact of five different radar options and three different information displays on the level of airspace situ- ational awareness (SA) of the air traffic control officer (ATCO). The use of SAGAT, SART and NASA-TLX techniques were effective in determining differences in workload, situational awareness and understanding. Si- multaneous data capture through shared EXCEL work- books and VBA macros permitted near real time analysis. The Mann-Whitney U test, used due to the nature and lim- ited size of the data sets, showed that any of the radars ex- amined in this experiment would assist in the establishment of positive control over TUAV operations in the controlled airspace over Kabul. 1 INTRODUCTION Canadian Forces (CF) recently purchased a set of four Sperwer (Sparrowhawk) Tactical Unmanned Aerial Vehi- cles (TUAVs) to provide the commander of Kabul Multi- National Brigade with a tactical, beyond line-of-site, rapidly deployable, day/night intelligence, surveillance, target ac- quisition and reconnaissance capability for deployment to Afghanistan as part of Canada’s contribution to the Interna- tional Stabilization Force. The TUAVs were procured to en- hance situational awareness, battlefield management and force protection. Though operated by CF personnel, the TUAV system would operate in a coalition environment as a Brigade asset and could be tasked to support any of the coa- lition assets within the KMNB Area of Operations (AO). Prior to deployment, TUAVs were restricted in their operations in the vicinity of the airfield, as depicted in Fig- ure 1. They were not allowed to fly inside an 8 km by 20 km zone immediately surrounding the airfield. A second 35 km by 14 km zone was defined around the runway within which all UAVs were restricted to a height of 500 ft. However, if the commander deemed it mission critical, air traffic could be restricted and the TUAV would be given the freedom of the sky. It was proposed that the use of radar systems to improve the air picture in Kabul could eliminate some restrictions on the employment of a TUAV. This experiment was designed to evaluate this proposal and provide substantiation for it if warranted. Denford et al (2003) is the original report to the sponsors. Figure 1: TUAV Airspace Restrictions over Kabul Three candidate sites for radar installations were the Kabul International Airport (KIA) for civilian ATC radars, and Camp Warehouse or Camp Julien for military radar assets. The six radar options investigated were: 1) Base- line (no radar); 2) Quad Air Traffic Control (ATC) Radar at KIA; 3) MPN-25 ATC Radar at KIA; 4) Air De- MEASUREMENT OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SITUATIONAL AWARENESS ENHANCEMENT THROUGH RADAR SUPPORT TOWARD OPERATING ENVELOPE EXPANSION OF AN UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE Maj James Denford Directorate of Land Synthetic Environments PO Box 17000 Station Forces Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7K 7B4 John A. Steele Roger Roy Eugenia Kalantzis Directorate General Land Combat Development Operational Research Team PO Box 17000 Station Forces Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7K 7B4 1017