International Journal of Arts and Social Science www.ijassjournal.com ISSN: 2581-7922, Volume 7 Issue 1, January 2024 Sayed A. A. Ahmady Falah Page 221 Effects of Virtual and Augmented Reality in Chemistry Education: Systematic Literature Review Sayed Abdul Aziz Ahmady Falah 1 , Rohullah Fajr 2 Sayed Ali Aqa Sadat 3 1 Department of Chemistry , Education Faculty, Parwan University , Afghanistan 2 Department of Chemistry , Education Faculty, Alberoni university , Afghanistan 3 Department of Chemistry , Education Faculty, Alberoni university , Afghanistan Abstract—Contribution: This article provides additional findings to the result of other systematic literature reviews where, more attention has been focused on natural science subjects however, giving limited attention to individual subjects, particularly in the field of chemistry education. Sufficient evidence is therefore, required to ascertain the effectiveness of implementing virtual and augmented reality technologies in chemistry education at the secondary school and undergraduate levels where result of this study would be of tremendous benefit. Background: The 4 th industrial revolution has highlighted the need for embracing modern technology in many sectors of the society, which did not leave educational sector behind. This led to the exploration and implementation of educational technology in teaching and learning of chemistry towards promoting a fascinating educational experience and enhancing teachers‟ and students‟ overall academic performance. Research Questions: 1) What are the advantages of VR and AR systems in teaching and learning chemistry? 2) What are the disadvantages of VR and AR systems in teaching and learning chemistry? 3) What are the challenges of VR and AR systems in teaching and learning chemistry? Methodology: Selection of articles was done via manual and automatic search from Scopus, Science Direct, springer link and Web of Science databases spanning from 2015 to 2020. 778 articles were retrieved but only 46 were found relevant for this study. Findings: It was found that the most reported advantage of adopting VR and AR in teaching and learning chemistry is enhancing better understanding followed by improving learning achievement. However, the highest reported disadvantage and challenge are that they cause fatigue /nausea and technical problems, respectively. Index Terms: Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Chemistry Education, 3D Technology I. INTRODUCTION APPLICATION of technology in science education to facilitate better teaching learning has necessitated a paradigm shift from the traditional way of teaching and learning to an advanced digital mode of education. Virtual and Augmented reality technologies have been of great impact in science education [1] and particularly in chemistry where it is proven to be good interactive tools for students to explore varieties of chemical compounds and their structures, interactions and how they undergo motion [2]. The education sector is currently experiencing an increase in the use of technologies such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), coupled with other interactive simulations for teaching and enriching students' educational experiences towards enhancing better learning [3]. The chemical laboratory has been an atmosphere for exhibition of various