Available online on www.ijppr.com International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 2023; 15(2); 44-49 eISSN: 0975-4873, pISSN: 2961-6069 Research Article *Author for Correspondence: rkpatil3014@gmail.com A Comprehensive Review of Preeclampsia: Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Pathogenesis and Treatment Strategies Umar Javaid Bhat 1 , Riyaz Ahmad Bhat 2 , Tawqeer Shafi 3 , Hanumanthrao C Patil 4 , Rajesh Kumari Patil 5 1,2,3 Pharm.D Scholar, Adesh Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Adesh University, Bathinda 4 Professor& Principal, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Adesh Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Adesh University, Bathinda 5 Professor and HOD, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Adesh Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Adesh University, Bathinda Received :30 th March 23; Revised: 20 th April 23; Accepted:24 th May 23; Available Online:25 th June 23 ABSTRACT Preeclampsia is a pregnant hypertension condition. It has a significant negative impact on maternal and perinatal health and affects 2–8% of pregnancies worldwide. The disease's main features are hypertension and proteinuria, though systemic organ damage could follow. The aberrant placentation that precedes the release of antiangiogenic markers, which is predominantly mediated by soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and soluble endoglin, is the first sign of the clinical condition.(sEng). Every maternal organ system, including the fetus, may be adversely affected by high levels of sFlt-1 and sEng due to endothelial dysfunction, vasoconstriction, and immunological dysregulation. With an emphasis on the mechanisms underlying the clinical symptoms, this article thoroughly investigates the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. The only permanent remedy is delivery. In high-risk populations, low-dose aspirin is advised for prophylaxis. There are few other therapy alternatives. The pathophysiology of this common disease has to be clarified in order to find possible therapeutic targets for better treatment and, ultimately, outcomes. The three most common causes of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide are preeclampsia and eclampsia. Rates of eclampsia, maternal mortality, and maternal morbidity in wealthy nations have significantly decreased during the past 50 years. In contrast, maternal mortality, problems during pregnancy, and eclampsia rates are still high in developing nations. In industrialised nations, preeclampsia-eclampsia patients are properly managed, and prenatal care is widely accessible. These discrepancies are mostly attributable to these factors. Keywords: Preeclampsia; Maternal mortality; pathogenesis; Diagnosis; Risk factors; Management. INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia is the new beginning of pregnancy-related hypertension with accompanying proteinuria, maternal organ failure, or constrained foetal development. It is a significant global cause of maternal death and morbidity. According to the gestational age upon diagnosis, preeclampsia is frequently subclassified as an early-onset or late- onset condition. Preeclampsia that manifests before 34 weeks of pregnancy is more severe for the mother, typically accompanied with foetal development restriction, and more likely to repeat in a subsequent pregnancy. Preeclampsia's exact cause is unknown, although the most widely accepted view suggests that it arises as a result of defective or insufficient placentation in the first trimester of pregnancy.[1]To fulfil the dietary and metabolic demands of the developing foetus, normal pregnancy is linked with significant uteroplacental and hemodynamic alterations. The uteroplacental perfusion pressure is kept at an acceptable level by placental growth and trophoblast invasion of the uterine spiral arteries. Blood pressure (BP) only slightly decreases as a result of increases in maternal plasma volume and cardiac output, which are accompanied with systemic vasodilation and lower vascular resistance.[2]Large observational studies have demonstrated a striking rise in the long-term risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among women who suffered various gestational hypertensive illnesses, which has sparked an interest in CVD in obstetrics in recent years.1–3